from παρεισάγω; smuggled in:--unawares brought in.
Transliteration:pareísaktos
Pronunciation:par-ice'-ak-tos
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek term παρείσακτος (pareísaktos) `{{G3920}}` is a compound adjective derived from the verb παρεισάγω (pareisagō) `{{G3919}}`, which means "to lead in alongside," "to introduce secretly," or "to smuggle in." The suffix -τος indicates a passive sense, thus παρείσακτος literally means "that which has been smuggled in" or "one who has been secretly introduced." Its core meaning emphasizes an unauthorized, surreptitious, and often deceptive entry. It implies a lack of legitimate invitation or proper authorization, suggesting an infiltration rather than an open arrival. The nuance of "unawares brought in" highlights the stealthy nature of the introduction, often implying that those who are affected by or witness the entry are unaware of its true nature or origin.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term παρείσακτος (pareísaktos) `{{G3920}}` appears only once in the New Testament, specifically in [[Galatians 2:4]]. In this verse, Paul writes: "And that because of false brethren unawares brought in, who came in privily to spy out our liberty which we have in Christ Jesus, that they might bring us into bondage." The context of this passage is Paul's defense of the gospel of grace against the Judaizers who insisted on circumcision and adherence to the Mosaic Law as necessary for salvation. The "false brethren" (ψευδαδέλφους) are explicitly described as παρείσακτος, signifying that they were "smuggled in" or "secretly introduced" into the Christian community. They were not genuine believers but rather infiltrators with a malicious agenda. Their stated purpose was "to spy out our liberty which we have in Christ Jesus, that they might bring us into bondage," revealing their deceptive motive to undermine the freedom found in Christ and re-impose legalistic burdens. The use of παρείσακτος powerfully underscores the deceptive and insidious nature of their presence; they did not openly declare their intentions but sought to subtly corrupt the pure gospel message from within.
### Related Words & Concepts
* **παρεισάγω (pareisagō) `{{G3919}}`**: This is the verbal root from which παρείσακτος is derived. It is used in [[2 Peter 2:1]] concerning false teachers who "secretly introduce destructive heresies," reinforcing the idea of clandestine and harmful infiltration.
* **ψευδαδέλφους (pseudadelphous) `{{G5571}}`**: Meaning "false brethren," this term is used in conjunction with παρείσακτος in [[Galatians 2:4]] to identify the agents of this surreptitious entry. They bear the outward appearance of belonging but harbor destructive intentions.
* **παρεισδύω (pareisdyō) `{{G3921}}`**: This related verb means "to slip in secretly" or "to creep in unawares." It is used in [[Jude 1:4]] regarding ungodly men who have "crept in unawares." This further emphasizes the concept of stealthy, unauthorized entry, often with a view to corrupting.
* **"Liberty" (ἐλευθερία - eleutheria) `{{G1657}}` vs. "Bondage" (δουλεία - douleia) `{{G1397}}`**: These contrasting concepts form the theological battleground in Galatians. The παρείσακτος sought to replace the freedom of grace with the bondage of legalism, highlighting the spiritual danger posed by such infiltrators to the core tenets of the Christian faith.
### Theological Significance
The single occurrence of παρείσακτος (pareísaktos) `{{G3920}}` in [[Galatians 2:4]] carries profound theological weight, serving as a stark warning against spiritual deception and infiltration within the Christian community. It highlights the reality that threats to the purity of the gospel often come not from overt enemies outside, but from those who appear to be "brethren" but are in fact "smuggled in" with malicious intent. This word underscores the constant vigilance required to guard the truth of the gospel. The "liberty in Christ Jesus" is a precious gift, and there will always be those who seek to undermine it through legalism, false teaching, or other forms of spiritual bondage. The "unawares brought in" aspect suggests that such infiltrations may initially go unnoticed by the broader community, making their detection and expulsion all the more critical for the health and integrity of the church. It implicitly calls for discernment (διακρίνω - diakrinō `{{G1252}}`) among believers, to test the spirits and teachings, recognizing that not everyone who claims to be a part of the fellowship genuinely adheres to the truth of Christ.
### Summary
παρείσακτος (pareísaktos) `{{G3920}}` is a rare but potent Greek term, appearing only in [[Galatians 2:4]]. Derived from παρεισάγω (pareisagō) `{{G3919}}`, its core meaning denotes something or someone "smuggled in" or "secretly introduced," emphasizing an unauthorized, surreptitious, and often deceptive entry. In its sole New Testament occurrence, it describes "false brethren" who infiltrated the early Christian community with the intent to spy on and undermine the "liberty in Christ Jesus," seeking to bring believers back into legalistic "bondage." The term underscores the insidious nature of spiritual threats that arise from within, highlighting the need for vigilance and discernment to protect the purity of the gospel and the freedom it offers. It serves as a timeless warning against those who would clandestinely introduce error or legalism into the body of Christ.
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