### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek adverb **pántothen**, represented by `{{G3840}}`, means "from (i.e. on) all sides" or "round about". Though it appears only **2 times** in **2 unique verses**, its use in scripture signifies a state of being completely and totally surrounded.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical occurrences, `{{G3840}}` is used to describe two very different kinds of encirclement. First, it details the sacred construction of the Ark of the Covenant, which was "overlaid **round about** with gold" [[Hebrews 9:4]], indicating a seamless and total covering. Second, it is used in a prophecy of a future siege, where enemies will "keep thee in **on every side**" [[Luke 19:43]], conveying the inescapable nature of the attack.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help to define the concept of being surrounded from all sides:
* `{{G4028}}` **perikalýptō** (to cover all around, i.e. entirely): This word works directly with `{{G3840}}` to describe how the ark was **overlaid** round about with gold [[Hebrews 9:4]].
* `{{G4033}}` **perikyklóō** (to encircle all around, i.e. blockade completely): Used in the context of a siege, this term reinforces the idea of a military blockade, to **compass** someone **round** [[Luke 19:43]].
* `{{G4016}}` **peribállō** (to throw all around, i.e. invest): In the same prophecy, this word describes the action of enemies who will **cast** a trench about their target [[Luke 19:43]].
* `{{G5553}}` **chrysíon** (a golden article, i.e. gold plating, ornament, or coin): This specifies the precious material, **gold**, that was used to cover the Ark of the Covenant on every side [[Hebrews 9:4]].
### Theological Significance
The significance of `{{G3840}}` is found in its ability to express a sense of totality in two distinct ways:
* **Complete Consecration:** The description of the Ark being overlaid "round about" with gold [[Hebrews 9:4]] highlights its total dedication and sanctity. The complete covering signifies an object entirely set apart and holy.
* **Total Encirclement:** In the prophecy against a city, being kept in "on every side" [[Luke 19:43]] illustrates the absolute nature of a hostile siege. It signifies a state of being completely trapped, without any avenue of escape.
### Summary
In summary, `{{G3840}}` is a precise adverb that conveys the idea of completeness from all directions. Though used infrequently, it powerfully illustrates concepts of total coverage, whether for sacred ornamentation as with the Ark of the Covenant, or for hostile containment as in a military siege. It shows how being surrounded can signify both divine honor and inescapable judgment.
TRV