### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **óxos**, represented by `{{G3690}}`, refers to **vinegar**, or sour wine. It appears **7 times** across **6 unique verses** in the Bible. The term is derived from ὀξύς and is used exclusively within the context of the crucifixion of Jesus.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{G3690}}` is always presented to Jesus during his suffering on the cross. In one instance, they **gave** `{{G1325}}` him **vinegar** to **drink** `{{G4095}}` that was **mingled** `{{G3396}}` with **gall** `{{G5521}}`; after he **tasted** `{{G1089}}` it, he would **not** `{{G3756}}` drink [[Matthew 27:34]]. Soldiers also **mocked** `{{G1702}}` him by **offering** `{{G4374}}` him **vinegar** [[Luke 23:36]]. In the final moments, a **vessel** `{{G4632}}` full of **vinegar** was present, and a **spunge** `{{G4699}}` was **filled** `{{G4130}}`, put on a **reed** `{{G2563}}` or **hyssop** `{{G5301}}`, and put to his **mouth** `{{G4750}}` [[John 19:29]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words clarify the context in which **óxos** appears:
* `{{G4222}}` **potízō** (give to drink): This verb, which means to furnish drink, describes the act of the soldiers offering Jesus the **vinegar** on the cross [[Matthew 27:48]].
* `{{G4699}}` **spóngos** (spunge): This is the specific implement used to administer the **vinegar**. It was **filled** `{{G1072}}` and put on a **reed** `{{G2563}}` to reach Jesus's mouth [[Mark 15:36]].
* `{{G5521}}` **cholḗ** (gall): This word for bile or a bitter substance describes what the **vinegar** was mixed with in the initial offering that Jesus refused to drink [[Matthew 27:34]].
* `{{G1089}}` **geúomai** (to taste): This verb is used to describe Jesus's action of tasting the **vinegar** mingled with gall before he refused to drink it fully [[Matthew 27:34]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G3690}}` is tied directly to the passion of Christ.
* **An Instrument of Mockery:** The offering of **vinegar** is explicitly part of the derision Jesus faced. The soldiers **mocked** `{{G1702}}` him while **coming** `{{G4334}}` to him and **offering** `{{G4374}}` him the sour wine [[Luke 23:36]].
* **Fulfillment of Scripture:** John's account notes that Jesus knew all things were **now** `{{G2235}}` **accomplished** `{{G5055}}`, and so that the scripture might be **fulfilled** `{{G5048}}`, he said, "I thirst," which directly led to the offering of **vinegar** [[John 19:28-29]].
* **The Final Consummation:** The reception of **vinegar** is the final act before Jesus's death. When Jesus had **received** `{{G2983}}` the **vinegar**, he **said** `{{G2036}}`, "It is **finished** `{{G5055}}`," **bowed** `{{G2827}}` his **head** `{{G2776}}`, and **gave up** `{{G3860}}` the **ghost** `{{G4151}}` [[John 19:30]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G3690}}` is far more than simple sour wine; its meaning is concentrated entirely within the narrative of the crucifixion. It functions as a symbol of the suffering and mockery Christ endured. Its presentation to Jesus is a critical moment, marking the fulfillment of all things written and serving as the final taste of this world before he declared his mission **finished** `{{G5055}}`.
TRV