neuter of a presumed derivative of ὀθόνη; a linen bandage:--linen clothes.
Transliteration:othónion
Pronunciation:oth-on'-ee-on
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word `{{G3608}}` (othónion) is a neuter diminutive form derived from ὀθόνη (othónē), which refers to fine linen or sailcloth. As a diminutive, othónion specifically denotes smaller pieces, strips, or bandages made of linen. Its core meaning is therefore "a linen bandage" or "linen cloths," implying material used for wrapping, binding, or covering. In the ancient world, linen was a common and valuable fabric, often associated with purity and used for various practical purposes, including clothing, sails, and, significantly, for burial preparations. The term carries no inherent spiritual meaning but describes a physical object made of a specific material, whose significance is derived from its context of use.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term `{{G3608}}` appears exclusively in the Gospel accounts related to the burial and resurrection of Jesus Christ, making its contextual analysis profoundly significant.
* **[[John 19:40]]**: Here, othónia are mentioned in the context of Jesus' burial by Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus. They "took the body of Jesus and bound it in linen cloths with the spices, as is the burial custom of the Jews." This verse establishes the use of othónia as part of the traditional Jewish burial practice, where the body was wrapped with strips of linen along with aromatic spices. This practice served both to prepare the body and to mitigate the smell of decay.
* **[[John 20:5]]**, **[[John 20:6]]**, **[[John 20:7]]**: These verses are pivotal. When Peter and the "other disciple" (John) arrive at the empty tomb on resurrection morning, they find the othónia lying there. John, looking in, sees "the linen cloths lying there." Peter then enters and "saw the linen cloths lying, and the face cloth (`{{G4676}}` soudarion), which had been on Jesus' head, not lying with the linen cloths but folded up in a place by itself." The specific arrangement of the othónia and the `{{G4676}}` is crucial. They are not merely discarded or thrown aside, as might be the case if the body had been stolen. Instead, they are described as "lying" (κείμενα - keimena), implying they had collapsed or settled in place, as if the body had passed through them or dematerialized, leaving the wrappings intact but empty. The separate and orderly placement of the `{{G4676}}` further reinforces this sense of an orderly, miraculous departure rather than a hasty removal.
* **[[Luke 24:12]]**: While some ancient manuscripts omit this verse, many significant ones include it. It states that Peter "rose and ran to the tomb; stooping and looking in, he saw the linen cloths (`{{G3608}}`) by themselves, and he went home wondering at what had happened." This account in Luke corroborates the observation made in John's Gospel, emphasizing the presence of the linen cloths as the primary evidence of the empty tomb that prompted wonder and contemplation.
The consistent depiction of the othónia in these passages underscores their role as silent, yet powerful, witnesses to the resurrection. Their state—left behind, undisturbed in their arrangement but devoid of the body—serves as a distinct sign that the tomb was not merely empty due to theft, but due to a miraculous, supernatural event.
### Related Words & Concepts
* **ὀθόνη (othónē - root of `{{G3608}}`):** This broader term for linen cloth appears in [[Acts 10:11]] describing the great sheet let down from heaven in Peter's vision. It emphasizes the material from which othónion is made.
* **σινδών (sindōn - `{{G4616}}`):** This word refers to a large linen cloth, often a shroud or sheet. It is used in the Synoptic Gospels to describe the burial cloth Joseph of Arimathea wrapped Jesus in ([[Matthew 27:59]], [[Mark 15:46]], [[Luke 23:53]]). While `{{G4616}}` might refer to the main shroud, `{{G3608}}` (othónia) likely refers to the strips or bandages used to bind the body within or upon the `{{G4616}}`, consistent with Jewish burial practices.
* **σουδάριον (soudarion - `{{G4676}}`):** A face cloth or handkerchief. Its distinct mention and separate, orderly placement in [[John 20:7]] alongside the othónia highlights its unique role and adds to the evidence of the resurrection.
* **κειρίαι (keiriai - `{{G2750}}`):** This term, meaning "bandages" or "graveclothes," is used in [[John 11:44]] to describe how Lazarus was bound when he was raised from the dead. The contrast between Lazarus, who had to be "unbound," and Jesus, whose othónia were left behind, is theologically significant.
These related terms illuminate the specific nature of `{{G3608}}` as strips of linen used in the detailed process of preparing a body for burial.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{G3608}}` (othónion) is profound, serving as a material witness to the most central event of Christian faith: the resurrection of Jesus Christ.
1. **Evidence of the Resurrection, Not Theft:** The primary theological implication of the othónia is their role as tangible proof against the theory that Jesus' body was stolen. If the body had been removed by thieves, they would have either taken the valuable linen cloths with the body or unwrapped the body hastily, leaving the cloths in disarray. The accounts consistently describe the cloths as "lying" in an orderly fashion, or collapsed, with the face cloth neatly folded separately. This specific state strongly suggests a miraculous departure, where the body passed out of the wrappings without disturbing them, or was transformed and resurrected, leaving the grave clothes as an empty shell.
2. **Contrast with Lazarus' Resurrection:** The state of Jesus' othónia stands in stark contrast to the resurrection of Lazarus in [[John 11:44]]. Lazarus came out "bound hand and foot with graveclothes (`{{G2750}}` keiriai), and his face wrapped with a cloth (`{{G4676}}` soudarion)." He required human intervention ("Unbind him, and let him go") to be freed from his burial garments. Jesus, however, did not need to be unbound. His resurrection was not merely a resuscitation to earthly life, but a transformation into a glorified body that transcended physical limitations, leaving the othónia as a discarded testimony to His victory over death.
3. **Testimony to Divine Order and Power:** The orderly state of the grave cloths speaks to the divine order and power inherent in the resurrection. It was not a chaotic event, but a controlled, purposeful act of God. The othónia become silent, yet eloquent, witnesses to Christ's triumph over death and the grave, confirming the truth of His claims and the fulfillment of prophecy.
4. **A Call to Faith:** For the disciples, seeing the othónia in this state was a catalyst for belief. John "saw and believed" ([[John 20:8]]). The physical evidence, though indirect, pointed unmistakably to a supernatural reality that defied human explanation. Thus, the othónia serve as a historical anchor for the resurrection, inviting all who hear the account to consider its implications and respond in faith.
### Summary
The Greek word `{{G3608}}` (othónion) refers to linen strips or bandages, humble in their material composition yet profound in their biblical context. Primarily found in the New Testament accounts of Jesus' burial and resurrection, the othónia serve as crucial physical evidence of the empty tomb. Their specific state—left behind in an orderly, collapsed manner, distinct from a hasty removal or theft—powerfully testifies to the miraculous nature of Christ's resurrection. This contrasts sharply with the resurrection of Lazarus, highlighting Jesus' unique, glorified triumph over death. The othónia stand as silent, yet eloquent, witnesses to the divine power and order of God's redemptive plan, inviting believers to contemplate the reality of Christ's victory and the foundation of their faith.
TRV