### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **nystázō**, represented by `{{G3573}}`, means to **slumber**. Its definition is to nod, i.e. (by implication) to fall asleep, or figuratively, to delay. It appears **2 times** across **2 unique verses** in the Bible, capturing a state of drowsiness that can represent either physical sleep or a figurative lack of activity.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{G3573}}` is used in two key ways. In a literal sense, it describes the physical state of the ten virgins in the parable, who **slumbered** and slept while the bridegroom tarried [[Matthew 25:5]]. Figuratively, it is used to emphasize the certainty of divine justice, stating that the damnation of false teachers **slumbereth** not, meaning their punishment is neither inactive nor delayed [[2 Peter 2:3]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the concept of slumber and wakefulness:
* `{{G2518}}` **katheúdō** (to lie down to rest, i.e. (by implication) to fall asleep (literally or figuratively)): Used directly with **nystázō** in [[Matthew 25:5]], this term often warns against spiritual lethargy, urging believers not to **sleep** as others do, but to remain watchful [[1 Thessalonians 5:6]].
* `{{G5549}}` **chronízō** (to take time, i.e. linger): This word explains the reason for the slumber in [[Matthew 25:5]], as the bridegroom **tarried**. It points to a period of waiting or perceived delay that can test a person's preparedness.
* `{{G684}}` **apṓleia** (ruin or loss (physical, spiritual or eternal)): This is what does not **slumber**. The term refers to **damnation** or **perdition**, the certain end for those who follow the path to **destruction** [[Matthew 7:13]] and for the "son of perdition" [[2 Thessalonians 2:3]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G3573}}` is found in its contrasting applications.
* **Warning Against Spiritual Lethargy:** To **slumber** in the context of waiting for the bridegroom is a warning against spiritual unpreparedness. It illustrates how a period of delay can lead to a lack of readiness for Christ's return [[Matthew 25:5]].
* **The Certainty of Judgment:** The declaration that damnation "slumbereth not" is a powerful assurance of God's active justice. It communicates that for those who use "feigned words" to exploit others, judgment is not a distant or inactive threat but an impending and inescapable reality [[2 Peter 2:3]].
* **Human Weakness vs. Divine Action:** The uses of `{{G3573}}` highlight a stark contrast. Humans may **slumber** and grow weary while waiting for the Lord, but God's judgment never sleeps or delays. This underscores the difference between human fallibility and divine certainty.
### Summary
In summary, `{{G3573}}` is more than just a word for nodding off. It serves as both a literal illustration of the need for spiritual vigilance and a figurative guarantee of God's unceasing justice. The term powerfully contrasts the human tendency to become drowsy while waiting with the absolute certainty of a judgment that is always awake and active.
TRV