### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **mōrós**, represented by `{{G3474}}`, is defined as dull, stupid, heedless, or morally a blockhead. Appearing **13 times** in **13 unique verses**, this term carries a strong negative connotation, often highlighting a willful ignorance or moral failure rather than a simple lack of intellect. Its usage points to an absurdity or foolishness in the face of divine truth.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{G3474}}` is used to illustrate several critical spiritual failings. Jesus warns that calling a brother a **fool** places one in danger of hell fire, indicating the severe moral weight of the accusation [[Matthew 5:22]]. The term describes those who are unprepared, like the five **foolish** virgins who lacked oil for their lamps [[Matthew 25:2-8]], and the **foolish** man who built his house on sand by hearing but not doing Jesus' words [[Matthew 7:26]]. Paul uses it to contrast worldly and divine wisdom, stating that God chose the **foolish things** of the world to confound the wise [[1 Corinthians 1:27]]. It is also used to label unproductive and divisive debates as **foolish** questions to be avoided [[Titus 3:9]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words clarify the concept of foolishness, often by contrast or association:
* `{{G5429}}` **phrónimos** (thoughtful, i.e. sagacious or discreet): This word serves as a direct opposite in parables. The builder on the rock is **wise** [[Matthew 7:24]], and five of the ten virgins were **wise**, while the others were **foolish** `{{G3474}}` [[Matthew 25:2]].
* `{{G4680}}` **sophós** (wise (in a most general application)): This term often refers to human or worldly wisdom, which is set against God's perceived foolishness. Paul explains that God chose the **foolish things** `{{G3474}}` of the world to confound the **wise** [[1 Corinthians 1:27]].
* `{{G5185}}` **typhlós** (opaque (as if smoky), i.e. (by analogy) blind (physically or mentally)): This is frequently paired with **mōrós** to denote a profound spiritual deficiency. Jesus rebukes the Pharisees as "**fools** and **blind**" for their inability to see spiritual truth [[Matthew 23:17]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G3474}}` is significant, highlighting key contrasts in Christian thought.
* **Worldly vs. Divine Wisdom:** The term is central to the paradox that God's power and wisdom are revealed in what the world considers weak and **foolish**. To be wise in God's kingdom, one must become a **fool** for Christ's sake ([[1 Corinthians 3:18]]; [[1 Corinthians 4:10]]). The "foolishness of God" is presented as wiser than human wisdom [[1 Corinthians 1:25]].
* **Moral and Spiritual Accountability:** Foolishness is not a neutral state but a morally culpable one. It describes the person who hears God's commands but fails to act [[Matthew 7:26]] and the religious leaders who are **blind** to spiritual priorities [[Matthew 23:17]].
* **The Gravity of Judgment:** Using the term **fool** as a careless insult carries a severe consequence, as it is linked to the judgment of "hell fire" [[Matthew 5:22]]. This underscores the seriousness with which God views contemptuous speech toward others.
* **Practical Application in the Church:** The term is also used to warn believers away from destructive behaviors, such as engaging in **foolish** and unlearned **questions** that only generate strife and are unprofitable ([[Titus 3:9]]; [[2 Timothy 2:23]]).
### Summary
In summary, `{{G3474}}` **mōrós** denotes more than simple ignorance; it describes a state of moral heedlessness and spiritual blockheadedness. It serves as a label for those who are unprepared for Christ's coming, who fail to act on His words, or who are **blind** to divine priorities. The term is also pivotal in illustrating the profound biblical paradox where the path to true wisdom requires embracing what the world calls **foolish**, ultimately serving as a stark warning against both worldly pride and careless judgment of others.
TRV