### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word μίγμα (mígma, `{{G3395}}`) is a noun derived from the verb μίγνυμι (mígnymi), which means "to mix, mingle, or combine." Consequently, μίγμα denotes the *result* of such an action: a compound, a blend, or a mixture. Its semantic range is quite narrow, referring specifically to a physical combination of distinct elements into a unified, often prepared, substance. The term itself is neutral, gaining specific connotation from the nature of the elements being mixed.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The word μίγμα (mígma, `{{G3395}}`) appears only once in the New Testament, found in the Gospel of John:
* **[[John 19:39]]**: "Nicodemus also, who earlier had come to Jesus by night, came bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about a hundred pounds."
In this sole occurrence, μίγμα refers to a specific compound prepared for the burial of Jesus. Nicodemus, who previously had been a secret disciple, now boldly brings a substantial quantity (approximately 100 Roman pounds, or roughly 75-100 modern pounds) of this aromatic mixture. Myrrh `{{G3469}}` and aloes `{{G257}}` were precious resins and aromatic woods, respectively, commonly used in ancient Near Eastern burial practices for their preservative and fragrant qualities. The sheer volume of the μίγμα brought by Nicodemus indicates an extraordinary act of honor and lavish devotion, typically reserved for royalty or highly esteemed individuals. This costly mixture serves as a tangible expression of reverence for the deceased, underscoring the reality of Jesus' death and the profound respect shown by his followers even in his final moments. The context highlights Nicodemus's transformation from a cautious inquirer to a courageous disciple openly identifying with the crucified Christ.
### Related Words & Concepts
The primary related word to μίγμα is its verbal root:
* μίγνυμι (mígnymi): The verb "to mix, mingle." This is the action from which the noun μίγμα (the result) is derived. While μίγνυμι itself does not appear in the New Testament, its conceptual presence underpins μίγμα.
Other related concepts, though not direct lexical cognates, include:
* **Myrrh (`{{G3469}}`) and Aloes (`{{G257}}`)**: These are the specific components of the μίγμα in [[John 19:39]]. Myrrh, a costly resin, was famously one of the gifts of the Magi to the infant Jesus ([[Matthew 2:11]]), thus bookending his earthly life with this precious substance. Aloes, likely the aromatic wood of Aquilaria trees, also possessed embalming and perfuming properties. The combination of these specific elements underscores the high value and traditional use of the mixture.
* **Burial Customs**: The μίγμα is integral to the Jewish practice of preparing a body for burial, involving anointing and wrapping with spices. This act, though performed out of love and respect, also highlights the reality of Jesus' death and burial, a foundational tenet of Christian faith.
### Theological Significance
The singular appearance of μίγμα in [[John 19:39]] carries profound theological weight:
* **Affirmation of Jesus' Humanity and Death**: The application of the μίγμα for burial underscores the reality of Jesus' physical death. He was truly dead, and his body required the customary preparations, testifying to his full humanity.
* **Royal and Priestly Anointing in Death**: The lavish quantity of the μίγμα (a hundred pounds) suggests a burial fitting for a king or a high priest. This act, performed in the shadow of the cross, subtly affirms Jesus' true identity as the King of Kings and the ultimate High Priest, even in his humiliation. The presence of myrrh also echoes the gifts of the Magi, linking his birth as King to his death as King.
* **Transformation of Discipleship**: Nicodemus's bold act of bringing the μίγμα signifies a pivotal moment in his spiritual journey. From a secret seeker who came "by night" ([[John 3:2]]), he now publicly identifies with the crucified Christ, demonstrating costly devotion and courage. The "mixture" he brings is a tangible expression of his transformed faith.
* **Contrast with Worldly Power**: In stark contrast to Pilate's political maneuvering and the soldiers' callousness, the act of preparing Jesus' body with this precious μίγμα by Nicodemus and Joseph of Arimathea highlights the profound love and respect of those who truly believed, demonstrating that true honor belongs to Christ even in his lowest state.
* **Anticipation of Resurrection**: While the μίγμα was intended for preservation, Jesus' body did not decay. The lavish preparation, though customary, ultimately serves as a backdrop against which the miraculous nature of the resurrection shines even brighter. The spices were brought, but ultimately not fully needed, as the body would not remain in the tomb.
### Summary
The Greek word μίγμα (mígma, `{{G3395}}`), meaning "mixture" or "compound," is derived from the verb μίγνυμι ("to mix"). Its sole New Testament occurrence in [[John 19:39]] is remarkably significant, describing the "mixture of myrrh and aloes" brought by Nicodemus for the burial of Jesus. This substantial μίγμα, weighing about a hundred pounds, serves multiple theological purposes: it affirms the reality of Jesus' death and humanity, signifies a royal and priestly anointing even in death, and powerfully illustrates Nicodemus's courageous transformation from a secret inquirer to a public disciple. The provision of this costly compound underscores the profound love and reverence shown to Christ, setting the stage for the ultimate triumph of the resurrection, which rendered the full preservative power of the μίγμα ultimately unnecessary. Thus, μίγμα, though a simple lexical item, becomes a poignant symbol of devotion, honor, and the costly sacrifice offered in faith.
TRV