The Greek word méthysos, represented by G3183, is defined as tipsy, i.e. (as noun) a sot or drunkard. It appears 2 times across 2 unique verses in the Bible, indicating a specific but significant focus.
In its biblical usage, G3183 appears exclusively in Paul's first letter to the Corinthians, where it is listed among behaviors that are incompatible with the Christian life. In one instance, believers are instructed not to keep company with a brother who is a drunkard, or a fornicator, idolater, or extortioner, going so far as to say "with such an one no not to eat" 1 Corinthians 5:11. The word is used again in a list of those who will not inherit the kingdom of God, stating that neither thieves, nor covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers shall inherit it 1 Corinthians 6:10.
Several related words appear alongside G3183, defining the context of behaviors that are condemned:
- G4123 pleonéktēs (holding (desiring) more, i.e. eager for gain (avaricious, hence a defrauder):--covetous): This term for a covetous person is listed with drunkards in both key passages, linking drunkenness with insatiable greed (1 Corinthians 5:11, 1 Corinthians 6:10).
- G3060 loídoros (abusive, i.e. a blackguard:--railer, reviler): Also appearing in both lists, this word describes someone who is abusive with their words, placing this sin on the same level as being a drunkard (1 Corinthians 5:11, 1 Corinthians 6:10).
- G727 hárpax (rapacious:--extortion, ravening): The term for an extortioner or one who is ravening is grouped with drunkards as being grounds for disfellowship and exclusion from God's kingdom (1 Corinthians 5:11, 1 Corinthians 6:10).
- G2812 kléptēs (a stealer (literally or figuratively):--thief): This word for a thief is listed with drunkards among those who will not inherit the kingdom of God 1 Corinthians 6:10.
The theological weight of G3183 is significant, highlighting its serious consequences for the believer and the church.
- A Cause for Church Discipline: The instruction in 1 Corinthians 5:11 establishes being a drunkard as a behavior that requires separation from the community of believers. It is not treated as a personal weakness but as a public sin that damages the testimony of the church.
- A Barrier to Eternal Life: 1 Corinthians 6:10 makes a definitive statement that a life characterized by drunkenness places one outside the kingdom of God. This elevates the issue from a temporal problem to one with eternal ramifications.
- A Mark of Unrighteousness: In both of its occurrences, méthysos is part of a "vice list" that describes an unrighteous lifestyle. It is consistently associated with sins like greed, sexual immorality, idolatry, and theft, demonstrating that it is viewed as a serious moral and spiritual failing.
In summary, G3183 defines more than a single act of being tipsy; it describes the character of a drunkard. Scripture treats this condition with severe gravity. It is presented as a sin that breaks fellowship within the church and, if it remains a characteristic of a person's life, bars them from inheriting the kingdom of God. Its placement alongside sins like idolatry, theft, and extortion underscores its serious nature in biblical teaching.
TRV