probably from the base of μασσάομαι (through the idea of contact); a whip (literally, the Roman flagellum for criminals; figuratively, a disease):--plague, scourging.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **mástix**, represented by `{{G3148}}`, refers to a **whip** or, by extension, a **scourging**. It is used figuratively to denote a **plague** or severe disease. It appears **6 times** across **6 unique verses** in the Bible, carrying the dual meaning of physical punishment and debilitating affliction.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The use of `{{G3148}}` falls into two clear categories. Literally, it describes physical punishment, such as when the chief captain ordered that Paul be examined by **scourging** [[Acts 22:24]]. It is also listed among the trials of faith, where believers endured **scourgings** and mockings [[Hebrews 11:36]]. Figuratively, it is used for severe diseases or ailments. Jesus healed many people, and crowds **pressed upon** him because they had **plagues** [[Mark 3:10]]. This is seen in the healing of the woman with the issue of blood, who "felt in her body that she was healed of that **plague**" [[Mark 5:29]], and whom Jesus tells to "be whole of thy **plague**" [[Mark 5:34]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the contexts in which `{{G3148}}` is used:
* `{{G2323}}` **therapeúō** (to relieve (of disease)): This word is used to describe Jesus's actions when he **cured** many of their **plagues** [[Luke 7:21]] and healed those who pressed in on him [[Mark 3:10]].
* `{{G3554}}` **nósos** (a malady): This term appears alongside `{{G3148}}` in [[Luke 7:21]], where Jesus cured many of their **infirmities** and **plagues**, highlighting the word's association with sickness.
* `{{G1701}}` **empaigmós** (derision): In the context of persecution, this word for **mockings** is paired directly with **scourgings** `{{G3148}}` to describe the trials faced by the faithful [[Hebrews 11:36]].
* `{{G1199}}` **desmón** (a band... or shackle): This term is used in the same list of sufferings as `{{G3148}}`, linking **scourgings** with **bonds** and imprisonment as forms of persecution [[Hebrews 11:36]].
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{G3148}}` is evident in its dual application of physical suffering and spiritual deliverance.
* **Persecution and Trial:** The literal use of **scourgings** signifies extreme affliction endured for one's convictions. It is presented as a trial of faith that some believers faced, alongside imprisonment and other hardships [[Hebrews 11:36]].
* **Christ's Authority Over Disease:** As a **plague**, the term consistently appears in contexts where Jesus demonstrates his power to heal. He **cured** many who suffered from these afflictions [[Luke 7:21]], showing his authority over even the most grievous physical conditions.
* **The Role of Faith in Healing:** Deliverance from a **plague** is directly connected to a person's faith. Jesus tells the woman with the issue of blood, "thy **faith** `{{G4102}}` hath made thee whole" [[Mark 5:34]], establishing a link between belief and physical restoration.
### Summary
In summary, `{{G3148}}` **mástix** is a powerful word that conveys intense suffering. It describes both the literal, violent act of **scourging** used for punishment and interrogation [[Acts 22:24]] and the figurative, debilitating experience of a **plague** or disease. Through its use, scripture illustrates the brutal reality of persecution faced by the faithful [[Hebrews 11:36]] while simultaneously highlighting Christ's complete authority to heal and make whole those afflicted by severe ailments [[Mark 5:34]].
TRV