### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **massáomai**, represented by `{{G3145}}`, is defined as to chew or **gnaw**. It is derived from a primary word meaning to handle or squeeze. This specific term is exceptionally rare in scripture, appearing only **1 time** across **1 unique verse**. Its singular use, however, provides a powerful and vivid image within a context of divine judgment.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole appearance of `{{G3145}}` is in the apocalyptic vision of Revelation. The verse describes the consequence of the fifth angel pouring out his vial upon the seat of the beast, causing his kingdom to be filled with darkness. In response to this plague, the people **gnawed** their tongues for pain [[Revelation 16:10]]. The word captures a visceral, self-destructive reaction to unbearable anguish under the weight of God's wrath.
### Related Words & Concepts
Two other words are directly linked to the context of `{{G3145}}`:
* `{{G1100}}` **glōssa**: This word for **tongue** is what is being gnawed in the passage. While it is used here for the physical organ, it also appears elsewhere to mean a language [[Acts 2:4]] or the act of speaking [[1 John 3:18]].
* `{{G4192}}` **pónos**: Defined as toil or, by implication, anguish or **pain**, this is the direct cause of the gnawing [[Revelation 16:10]]. The same word is used in the following verse to describe the "pains" that lead to blasphemy instead of repentance [[Revelation 16:11]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G3145}}` is concentrated in its single, dramatic appearance.
* **A Picture of Extreme Anguish:** The act to **gnaw** is not a passive suffering but an active, desperate response to extreme torment. It graphically portrays the severity of the judgment being executed.
* **Impenitence in Suffering:** This intense suffering does not lead to humility. Instead, the context shows that those who **gnawed** their tongues for `pain` `{{G4192}}` proceeded to blaspheme God and did not repent of their deeds [[Revelation 16:11]].
* **Result of Divine Judgment:** The action is a direct result of the fifth vial of God's wrath being poured out on the kingdom of the beast [[Revelation 16:10]], illustrating the tangible consequences of rebellion.
### Summary
In summary, **massáomai** `{{G3145}}` is a highly specific term whose rarity makes its single use all the more impactful. It serves as a stark depiction of the physical and spiritual torment experienced under divine judgment. The word "to **gnaw**" memorably communicates a state of hopeless anguish that, in the context of Revelation, is coupled not with repentance but with continued defiance against God.
TRV