The Greek word mathēteúō, represented by G3100, means to become a pupil or to disciple and enrol as a scholar. It appears 5 times across 4 unique verses in the Bible. This term defines the active process of both following a teacher and instructing others to become followers.
In the biblical narrative, G3100 is famously used in the Great Commission, where Jesus commands his followers to "Go ye therefore, and teach all nations" Matthew 28:19. This establishes the word as a core component of Christian mission. The term is also used to describe the result of evangelism, as when Paul and Barnabas "had taught many" after preaching in a city Acts 14:21. It can be used intransitively as well, to describe someone who has become a follower, such as Joseph of Arimathaea, who "was Jesus' disciple" Matthew 27:57. A scribe can also be "instructed unto the kingdom of heaven" Matthew 13:52.
Several related words clarify the actions associated with making a disciple:
- G4198 poreúomai (to traverse, i.e. travel): This action verb is directly linked to the command to disciple, as seen in the directive to "go" and teach Matthew 28:19.
- G907 baptízō (to immerse...of the ordinance of Christian baptism): This ceremonial act is presented as a key step for new disciples, directly following the act of teaching Matthew 28:19.
- G2097 euangelízō (to announce good news): This word shows the prerequisite for discipleship, as apostles first preached the gospel and then "taught many" Acts 14:21.
- G1122 grammateús (a writer... scribe): This term shows the scope of who can be taught; a scribe, typically a religious authority, can become one who is "instructed" G3100 in the ways of the kingdom Matthew 13:52.
The theological weight of G3100 is significant for understanding the nature of Christian expansion.
- The Mandate of the Church: The command to teach (or make disciples of) all nations is not merely a suggestion but a foundational instruction from Jesus, paired with the actions of going and baptizing Matthew 28:19.
- A Process of Transformation: The word describes a journey from being an outsider to an insider. It can describe the state of being a disciple, as with Joseph of Arimathaea Matthew 27:57, or the action of instructing someone into the kingdom of heaven Matthew 13:52.
- The Fruit of the Gospel: Discipleship is the intended outcome of preaching. The pattern shown in scripture is to first preach the gospel G2097 and then to teach G3100 those who respond Acts 14:21.
In summary, G3100 is a dynamic term that defines the mission of the faithful. It is not simply about academic instruction, but about the comprehensive process of enrolling others as scholars of Christ. This involves going out, preaching the good news, and guiding new believers into the full life of a disciple, which includes baptism. The word encapsulates the active, relational means by which the kingdom of heaven grows.
TRV