### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **láthra**, represented by `{{G2977}}`, is an adverb meaning **privately** or **secretly**. It appears **4 times** across **4 unique verses** in the Bible, signifying a specific and focused usage. The term conveys an action done away from public view or knowledge, often to achieve a particular purpose that requires discretion.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{G2977}}` is used to describe actions with varying motivations. Joseph, being a just man, decided to put Mary away **privily** to avoid making her a public example [[Matthew 1:19]]. In contrast, Herod **privily** called the wise men as part of a deceptive plan [[Matthew 2:7]]. The word is also used for discreet communication, as when Martha **secretly** called her sister Mary to meet with Jesus [[John 11:28]]. In Acts, Paul protests being thrust out **privily** after being beaten openly, highlighting the injustice of a secret dismissal following a public punishment [[Acts 16:37]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the meaning of acting in secret by providing a contrast or context:
* `{{G1219}}` **dēmósios** (openly): This adverb is used as a direct opposite to `{{G2977}}`. In [[Acts 16:37]], Paul contrasts being beaten **openly** with the attempt to send them away **privily**.
* `{{G3856}}` **paradeigmatízō** (make a public example): This is the outcome Joseph sought to avoid by acting **privily** [[Matthew 1:19]]. His secret action was a direct alternative to public shame.
* `{{G2564}}` **kaléō** (to "call"): This word describes the action performed secretly by Herod when he **called** the wise men to inquire about the star's appearance [[Matthew 2:7]], showing how a common action can be altered by secrecy.
### Theological Significance
The significance of `{{G2977}}` lies in how the motive behind the secrecy defines the act's nature.
* **An Instrument of Mercy:** Secrecy can be used for protection and compassion. Joseph’s decision to act **privily** was intended to spare Mary from public disgrace, demonstrating a righteous character [[Matthew 1:19]].
* **A Tool for Deception:** The term can also be associated with malicious intent. Herod’s private meeting with the wise men was a deceptive maneuver in his plot against Jesus [[Matthew 2:7]].
* **Contrast with Public Accountability:** The word highlights the tension between private and public actions. Paul rejects a secret release, demanding that those who punished him **openly** must also vindicate him publicly, refusing to let them cover their actions [[Acts 16:37]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G2977}}` is a precise term that describes an action done in private. While the word itself is neutral, its context in scripture reveals that secrecy can be a vehicle for both good and evil. It is used to carry out acts of mercy, to facilitate deceptive plots, and to enable private communication. Its use, particularly in contrast to public actions, underscores the importance of the intent behind a person's hidden deeds.
TRV