probably from the same as ἁρπάζω; properly, a headache (as a seizure of pain) from drunkenness, i.e. (by implication) a debauch (by analogy, a glut):--surfeiting.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek term `{{G2897}}` (κραιπάλη, *kraipálē*) carries a nuanced meaning that extends beyond a simple physical ailment. Its etymological root is often linked to ἁρπάζω (harpage - `{{G726}}`), meaning "to seize" or "to snatch," suggesting a sudden, overwhelming onset. Properly, κραιπάλη refers to the headache and general malaise experienced after excessive drinking, commonly known as a hangover. However, its semantic range broadens by implication to encompass the *cause* of such a state: a "debauch," "revelry," or "surfeiting" – a state of overindulgence, particularly in food and drink, leading to physical and mental sluggishness. It denotes not merely the consequence but the act of immoderate feasting and carousing that results in a dulling of the senses and faculties. Thus, it signifies a condition of being weighed down or stupefied by excessive physical gratification.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term `{{G2897}}` appears only once in the New Testament, specifically in [[Luke 21:34]]. This singular occurrence, however, is profoundly significant within the context of Jesus' eschatological discourse on the signs of the end times and the necessity of watchfulness:
> "But watch yourselves, lest your hearts be weighed down with surfeiting and drunkenness and cares of this life, and that day come upon you suddenly like a trap." [[Luke 21:34]]
Here, κραιπάλη (translated as "surfeiting") is explicitly linked with μέθη (methē - `{{G3180}}`, "drunkenness") and μερίμναις βιωτικαῖς (merimnais biōtikais - `{{G3309}}` and `{{G979}}`, "cares of this life"). This triad represents distinct but related dangers that can spiritually incapacitate believers. "Surfeiting" points to gluttony and excessive feasting, "drunkenness" to intemperance in drink, and "cares of this life" to the anxieties and distractions of worldly pursuits. Together, these elements are depicted as forces that "weigh down" (βαρυνθῶσιν - `{{G926}}`) the heart, rendering individuals spiritually dull, unprepared, and vulnerable to being caught off guard by the Lord's sudden return. The context is a solemn warning to maintain spiritual vigilance and sobriety, emphasizing that physical indulgence can have severe spiritual consequences, hindering one's readiness for divine appointment.
### Related Words & Concepts
`{{G2897}}` (κραιπάλη) is closely associated with several other Greek terms and theological concepts that illuminate its full meaning:
* **`{{G3180}}` (μέθη - drunkenness):** Often paired with κραιπάλη, highlighting the specific form of excess that leads to the "hangover" effect. While μέθη is the state of intoxication, κραιπάλη is the after-effect and, by extension, the excessive revelry itself.
* **`{{G2928}}` (κόμος - revelry, carousing):** A broader term for riotous feasting and partying, often associated with moral looseness. κραιπάλη can be seen as a specific aspect or consequence of κόμος.
* **`{{G3656}}` (οἰνοφλυγία - excessive wine-drinking, debauchery):** Another term emphasizing intemperance in drink, similar in scope to κραιπάλη when referring to the act of indulgence.
* **`{{G1466}}` (ἐγκράτεια - self-control, temperance):** The antithesis of κραιπάλη. Where κραιπάλη signifies a lack of restraint, ἐγκράτεια denotes mastery over one's appetites and passions, a fruit of the Spirit ([[Galatians 5:23]]).
* **`{{G1129}}` (γρηγορέω - to be watchful, vigilant):** The commanded state of the believer in [[Luke 21:34]]. κραιπάλη is the very opposite, leading to spiritual slumber rather than alertness.
* **`{{G3524}}` (νηφάλιος - sober, temperate):** Describes a disposition of clear-headedness and self-restraint, particularly in regard to drink, but also encompassing a general spiritual sobriety. This virtue stands in stark contrast to the state induced by κραιπάλη.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{G2897}}` (κραιπάλη) in its sole biblical appearance is profound, serving as a critical warning for Christian discipleship:
1. **Stewardship of the Body:** κραιπάλη speaks to a failure in the stewardship of one's body, which is presented in Scripture as a temple of the Holy Spirit ([[1 Corinthians 6:19-20]]). Excessive indulgence dishonors God and can impair one's ability to serve Him effectively.
2. **Spiritual Preparedness:** Most significantly, in [[Luke 21:34]], κραιπάλη is a direct impediment to spiritual readiness for the Lord's return. The "weighing down" of the heart implies a dulling of spiritual sensitivity, making one oblivious to divine signs and unprepared for judgment or the Lord's appearing. It highlights that physical appetites, when unchecked, can lead to spiritual lethargy and unwatchfulness.
3. **Kingdom Values vs. Worldly Indulgence:** The warning against κραιπάλη underscores the tension between the values of the Kingdom of God and the pursuits of the world. While the Kingdom is characterized by "righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit" ([[Romans 14:17]]), κραιπάλη represents a preoccupation with fleeting physical pleasures that can distract from eternal priorities.
4. **A Call to Sobriety and Vigilance:** The inclusion of κραιπάλη in Jesus' eschatological discourse serves as a timeless call to believers for constant vigilance, self-control, and a sober-minded approach to life. It reminds us that our physical choices have direct spiritual ramifications, impacting our relationship with God and our readiness for eternity.
### Summary
The Greek term `{{G2897}}` (κραιπάλη, *kraipálē*) fundamentally denotes the physical and mental sluggishness resulting from excessive indulgence, particularly in food and drink, and by extension, the act of such gluttonous revelry itself. Its singular, yet powerful, appearance in [[Luke 21:34]] establishes it as a crucial component of Jesus' warning against spiritual unpreparedness. Paired with drunkenness and worldly anxieties, κραιπάλη signifies a state where physical appetites "weigh down" the heart, dulling spiritual perception and making one vulnerable to being caught off guard by the Lord's return. Theologically, it underscores the importance of self-control, the proper stewardship of the body, and the necessity of spiritual vigilance over worldly indulgence. It stands as a timeless admonition for believers to maintain sobriety in all aspects of life, ensuring their hearts remain light and ready for the Master's call.
TRV