The Greek word κορβᾶν (korbân), represented by G2878, is a term of Hebrew and Chaldee origin. It appears 2 times in 2 unique verses in the Bible. Its definition covers both a votive offering or consecrated present to the Temple fund, and by extension, the treasury itself where such contributions were kept.
In its biblical usage, G2878 appears in two distinct contexts. In Mark, it is used to describe a vow where a person declares their resources as Corban, meaning "a gift" dedicated to God, thereby excusing them from the duty of supporting their parents Mark 7:11. In Matthew, the word is translated as treasury, referring to the sacred repository in the Temple. The chief priests declared it unlawful to place the "price of blood" into the treasury after Judas returned the silver pieces Matthew 27:6.
A key related word clarifies the meaning of G2878:
- G1435 dōron (a gift): This word is used explicitly in Mark 7:11 to translate Corban, defining it as "a gift". G1435 is used more broadly for offerings brought to the altar Matthew 5:23, the presents brought to Jesus by the magi Matthew 2:11, and the offering commanded by Moses Matthew 8:4.
The theological weight of G2878 is found in its application within Jewish religious practice.
- Consecrated Offerings: The term signifies something irrevocably dedicated to God, whether it is a personal possession vowed as Corban or money placed in the Temple treasury.
- Perversion of Piety: The use of Corban in Mark 7:11 illustrates a conflict between religious tradition and divine commandment, where a vow to God was used to neglect the primary duty of honoring one's parents.
- Sanctity of the Treasury: The chief priests' hesitation to deposit blood money into the treasury underscores the sacred character of the Temple fund, as it was set apart for God's use Matthew 27:6.
In summary, G2878 is a specific term that carries a dual meaning as both a consecrated gift and the Temple treasury that held such gifts. While appearing rarely, its usage provides a critical window into the cultural and religious practices of the time, highlighting the profound importance of vows and offerings and exposing how even sacred duties could be misused.
TRV