### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **kátō**, represented by `{{G2736}}`, is an adverb signifying a downward direction or a lower position. It appears **11 times** across **11 unique verses** in the Bible. Its primary meanings include **beneath**, **bottom**, **down**, and **under**.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{G2736}}` describes both physical and conceptual downwardness. It is used literally during the temptation of Jesus, where he is told to "cast thyself **down**" ([[Matthew 4:6]], [[Luke 4:9]]). A significant physical event is described when the veil of the temple was torn in twain "from the top to the **bottom**" ([[Matthew 27:51]], [[Mark 15:38]]). The word also carries a conceptual weight, creating a clear distinction between the earthly and the heavenly when Jesus says, "Ye are from **beneath**; I am from above" [[John 8:23]]. It is also used for simple physical actions, as when Jesus "stooped **down**" to write on the ground [[John 8:6]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help to clarify the concept of direction and position:
* `{{G507}}` **ánō** (upward or on the top): This word serves as a direct antonym, often used in contrast to establish the distinction between heaven **above** and the earth **beneath** [[Acts 2:19]].
* `{{G509}}` **ánōthen** (from above, the top): This term is used to describe the starting point of the veil of the temple being torn, which ended at the **bottom** `{{G2736}}` [[Matthew 27:51]].
* `{{G4098}}` **píptō** (to fall): This verb is often paired with `{{G2736}}` to describe the action of falling **down**, as seen when Eutychus "fell **down** from the third loft" [[Acts 20:9]].
### Theological Significance
The theological use of `{{G2736}}` often establishes a contrast between the earthly and the divine.
* **Earthly vs. Heavenly Origin:** `{{G2736}}` is used to denote the origin of humanity in contrast to the divine origin of Christ. Jesus states, "Ye are from **beneath**; I am from **above**" [[John 8:23]], identifying this world `{{G2889}}` as the realm "beneath".
* **A Sign of Divine Action:** The tearing of the temple veil "from the top to the **bottom**" [[Matthew 27:51]] is a significant theological event, signifying an act initiated from above. Similarly, God promises signs in "the earth **beneath**" [[Acts 2:19]] as a display of His power.
* **Physical and Spiritual Lowering:** The word describes acts of being brought low, from the temptation for Jesus to cast himself **down** [[Luke 4:9]] to the literal fall of Eutychus [[Acts 20:9]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G2736}}` **kátō** is a versatile adverb that signifies a downward position or direction. While it has common literal applications, such as describing physical location or movement, its theological weight is found in the contrast it creates with the divine realm "above". From the tearing of the temple veil to Jesus's declaration of his heavenly origin, **kátō** helps define the distinction between the earthly and the spiritual.
TRV