### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **katachthónios**, represented by `{{G2709}}`, means **subterranean** or **under the earth**. It is derived from κατά and (the ground) and is defined as infernal, belonging to the world of departed spirits. This specific term appears only **1 time** in **1 verse** in the Bible.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole use of `{{G2709}}` is in [[Philippians 2:10]], where it is part of a declaration of the universal lordship of Jesus. The verse states that at the **name** `{{G3686}}` of **Jesus** `{{G2424}}`, every **knee** `{{G1119}}` should **bow** `{{G2578}}`. `{{G2709}}` is used to define one of the three realms of creation that will submit to Christ: "things **under the earth**". This phrase appears alongside "things **in heaven**" `{{G2032}}` and "things **in earth**" `{{G1919}}` to illustrate the comprehensive scope of Christ's authority over all existence.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words from its biblical context help clarify its meaning:
* `{{G2032}}` **epouránios** (above the sky): This word for **celestial** or **heavenly** is used to describe the first of the three realms. It stands in contrast to `{{G2709}}`, representing the highest domain that will bow to Jesus [[Philippians 2:10]].
* `{{G1919}}` **epígeios** (worldly): Meaning **earthly** or **terrestrial**, this word identifies the middle realm. Its inclusion completes the picture of a three-tiered cosmos that universally acknowledges Christ [[Philippians 2:10]].
* `{{G2578}}` **kámptō** (to bend): This verb, meaning to **bow**, describes the universal act of submission that beings in heaven, on earth, and under the earth will perform before Jesus [[Philippians 2:10]]. Paul also uses it to describe his own act of worship to the Father [[Ephesians 3:14]].
* `{{G3956}}` **pâs** (all, any, every, the whole): This word emphasizes the totality of the submission to Jesus. It modifies **knee**, indicating that **every** single knee in all three realms will bow [[Philippians 2:10]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G2709}}` is tied directly to its singular, powerful use.
* **Universal Lordship:** The primary significance of `{{G2709}}` is its role in defining the absolute and all-encompassing nature of Christ's authority. By including the realm **under the earth**, the text affirms that no part of creation is exempt from His reign [[Philippians 2:10]].
* **Cosmic Triad:** `{{G2709}}` completes a triad of realms, along with things **in heaven** `{{G2032}}` and things **in earth** `{{G1919}}`. This three-fold structure emphasizes that every sphere of existence will acknowledge the supreme **name** `{{G3686}}` of **Jesus** `{{G2424}}`.
* **Total Submission:** The word defines a domain whose inhabitants must **bow** `{{G2578}}` the **knee** `{{G1119}}`. This demonstrates that Christ's exaltation commands submission from every corner of the cosmos, leaving no power or principality unchallenged.
### Summary
In summary, while **katachthónios** `{{G2709}}` is one of the rarest words in the New Testament, its single occurrence is theologically immense. It functions to extend the lordship of Jesus Christ to its ultimate, universal conclusion. By specifying that even things **under the earth** will bow, the passage in [[Philippians 2:10]] leaves no doubt that His authority is absolute, covering every conceivable realm of existence.
TRV