The Greek word kataphérō, represented by G2702, means to bear down. Appearing 3 times in 2 unique verses, it is derived from κατά and φέρω. The term is used figuratively to describe being overcome, such as with drowsiness, or more specifically, to cast a vote. Its meanings include to fall, give, or sink down.
The word G2702 is used in two distinct contexts in the book of Acts. In his defense, Paul recounts his past persecution of believers, stating that when the saints were put to death, "I gave my voice against them" Acts 26:10. This usage signifies a formal act of casting a vote. In a different narrative, a young man named Eutychus, listening to Paul preach, was "fallen into a deep sleep" and ultimately "sunk down with sleep," causing him to fall from a window Acts 20:9. Here, the word describes being physically overcome.
Several related words help clarify the contexts of G2702:
- G5586 psēphos (voice): This word, meaning a vote or verdict, is the object of Paul's action in Acts 26:10, where he casts his voice against the saints.
- G5258 hýpnos (sleep): Eutychus was overcome with a deep sleep Acts 20:9. The term can also refer to a figurative spiritual torpor.
- G4098 píptō (to fall): This word describes the direct result of Eutychus being "sunk down" by sleep, as he fell down from the third loft Acts 20:9.
- G337 anairéō (put to death): This word describes the severe consequence that Paul voted for, when the saints were put to death Acts 26:10.
The theological significance of G2702 is revealed in its two powerful applications:
- Deliberate Condemnation: Paul's use of the term demonstrates a conscious and authoritative decision against God's people. In "gave my voice," he admits his role in the persecution, exercising authority (G1849) he received from the chief priests (G749) to condemn the saints (G40) Acts 26:10.
- Vulnerability to Drowsiness: The story of Eutychus serves as a literal illustration of being overcome. While Paul was preaching (G1256), Eutychus "sunk down" with sleep (G5258), leading to his death and subsequent miraculous restoration Acts 20:9. This highlights a physical and potentially spiritual vulnerability to inattentiveness.
In summary, kataphérō G2702 carries a dual meaning of being "borne down." It can depict a willful action, such as casting a condemnatory vote, or an involuntary state, like being overcome by sleep. Though used sparingly in scripture, its occurrences in Acts vividly illustrate both the sober reality of human opposition to the faith and the physical frailty that can lead to peril.
TRV