### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek noun κατάστημα (katástēma, `{{G2688}}`) is derived from the verb καθίστημι (kathistēmi, `{{G2525}}`), which means "to set down, establish, appoint, or constitute." From this root, κατάστημα properly denotes an established *position* or *condition*. When applied to human conduct, it refers to a settled *demeanor*, an established *bearing*, or a characteristic *manner of behavior*. It implies not merely isolated actions, but a consistent, ingrained way of presenting oneself, reflecting an underlying disposition or state. The term captures the outward manifestation of an inner condition, emphasizing the quality and consistency of one's conduct.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The word κατάστημα (katástēma, `{{G2688}}`) appears only once in the New Testament, in Paul's epistle to Titus:
* [[Titus 2:3]]: "Older women likewise are to be reverent in κατάστημα (behaviour), not slanderers or slaves to much wine, but teaching what is good."
In this singular occurrence, the apostle Paul instructs Titus concerning the conduct expected of older women within the Christian community. The phrase "reverent in κατάστημα" (ἱεροπρεπεῖς ἐν καταστήματι) is particularly insightful. The adjective ἱεροπρεπεῖς (hieroprepeis, `{{G2414}}`) means "fitting for sacred things," "reverent," or "dignified." Thus, the instruction calls for a *demeanor* or *bearing* that is appropriate for those who are devoted to God and engaged in sacred service. It suggests a conduct marked by seriousness, dignity, and a profound respect for holy things. This reverent κατάστημα is then contrasted with negative behaviors: "not slanderers" (μὴ διαβόλους) and "not slaves to much wine" (μὴ οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας). This contrast highlights that the expected κατάστημα is a holistic presentation of oneself that avoids scandalous or undignified practices, instead embodying a consistent, godly example for others, particularly the younger women whom they are to teach.
### Related Words & Concepts
The primary related word is the verb from which κατάστημα (katástēma, `{{G2688}}`) is derived: καθίστημι (kathistēmi, `{{G2525}}`), meaning "to set down, establish, or appoint." This etymological link underscores that the κατάστημα is not a fleeting mood but an *established* or *settled* manner of being.
Other related concepts that describe aspects of conduct or character include:
* ἀναστροφή (anastrophē, `{{G394}}`): This is a broader term for "conduct," "way of life," or "manner of living," frequently used in the Pauline epistles (e.g., [[Ephesians 4:22]], [[1 Timothy 4:12]], [[Hebrews 13:5]]). While ἀναστροφή encompasses the totality of one's life, κατάστημα in Titus 2:3 seems to emphasize the *outward bearing* or *presentation* of that life, especially in a context requiring dignity and reverence.
* τρόπος (tropos, `{{G5158}}`): "manner," "way," or "conduct."
* ἔθος (ethos, `{{G1485}}`): "custom," "habit."
While these terms describe aspects of behavior, κατάστημα in its specific context in Titus 2:3 points to a particular quality of demeanor—one that is characterized by reverence and dignity, fitting for those who profess godliness.
### Theological Significance
The singular use of κατάστημα (katástēma, `{{G2688}}`) in [[Titus 2:3]] carries significant theological weight, particularly concerning the practical outworking of faith in daily life. It underscores the importance of *exemplary conduct* for believers, especially for those who, by virtue of their age or position, serve as models within the community.
1. **Holistic Discipleship:** The call for a "reverent κατάστημα" demonstrates that Christian faith is not merely an internal conviction but must manifest in a visible, consistent, and appropriate manner of life. One's outward bearing is to reflect their inward devotion to God.
2. **Witness and Influence:** For older women, their κατάστημα serves as a powerful witness to the younger generation (Titus 2:4-5). Their dignified and holy demeanor teaches by example, demonstrating what it means to live a life that honors God. This highlights the intergenerational responsibility within the church.
3. **Sanctification and Holiness:** The link between κατάστημα and "holiness" (ἱεροπρεπεῖς) implies that Christian behavior should be set apart, reflecting the sacredness of God and the calling of His people. It is a call to live in a manner that is consistent with the character of God and the gospel.
4. **Counter-Cultural Conduct:** In a world often characterized by irreverence or self-indulgence, the expectation of a "reverent κατάστημα" presents a counter-cultural ideal, emphasizing self-control, dignity, and a focus on eternal values.
### Summary
Κατάστημα (katástēma, `{{G2688}}`) refers to an established *demeanor* or consistent *bearing*, derived from the idea of being "set down" or "established." Its sole New Testament occurrence in [[Titus 2:3]] is highly significant, instructing older women to exhibit a "reverent κατάστημα." This calls for a dignified, holy, and consistent manner of behavior that is fitting for those devoted to God. The term emphasizes that Christian faith must be visibly expressed through a conduct that reflects inner reverence and serves as an exemplary model, particularly for younger believers. It underscores the theological imperative for believers to embody a consistent, godly presence that honors Christ and testifies to the transformative power of the gospel.
TRV