### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **katamartyréō**, represented by `{{G2649}}`, is derived from κατά and μαρτυρέω and specifically means **to testify against**. It appears a total of **4 times** in **4 unique verses** within the New Testament, highlighting its focused and significant use in a very specific context.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In every biblical occurrence, `{{G2649}}` is used during the trials of Jesus. The term captures the legal accusations being leveled against Him, first by the high priest and then by Pilate. The high priest asks Jesus to respond to the charges, saying, "what is it which these **witness against** thee?" ([[Matthew 26:62]], [[Mark 14:60]]). Later, Pilate confronts Jesus with the same challenge, asking why He does not answer to the "many things they **witness against** thee" ([[Mark 15:4]], [[Matthew 27:13]]).
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help define the context of these legal confrontations:
* `{{G749}}` **archiereús** (the high-priest): This refers to the **high-priest** who presides over the initial religious trial of Jesus and directly questions Him about the testimony [[Matthew 26:62]].
* `{{G4091}}` **Pilâtos** (Pilate): The name for the Roman governor, **Pilate**, who conducts the civil trial and also challenges Jesus to answer the accusations made against Him [[Mark 15:4]].
* `{{G611}}` **apokrínomai** (to respond): This verb, meaning **to respond**, is used in the questions posed to Jesus, emphasizing the expectation that He should answer the testimony brought against him, as in "Answerest thou nothing?" [[Mark 14:60]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G2649}}` is found entirely within the passion narrative:
* **The Trial of Christ:** The word is used exclusively in the legal trials of Jesus, underscoring the formal nature of the accusations brought before both Jewish and Roman authorities that led to His crucifixion ([[Matthew 26:62]], [[Mark 15:4]]).
* **Confrontation with Authority:** Its usage is always on the lips of a figure of authority, either the **high priest** `{{G749}}` or **Pilate** `{{G4091}}`, who demands that Jesus account for the testimony laid against him [[Mark 14:60]].
* **The Nature of Testimony:** The term highlights the act of bearing witness *against* a person as the basis for a formal charge. In these critical scenes, the word frames the accusations that Jesus faced, setting the stage for his subsequent conviction.
### Summary
In summary, `{{G2649}}` is a precise legal term used solely to describe the testimony brought against Jesus during His trials. While its usage is infrequent, its context is immensely significant, defining the formal accusations from both religious and civil powers. The word captures the critical moment when Jesus is confronted by his accusers and is asked to respond to those who **witness against** him.
TRV