### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **katadikázō**, represented by `{{G2613}}`, means to **adjudge against** or **pronounce guilty**. It is a definitive term for condemnation. This word appears **6 times** across **4 unique verses** in the Bible, consistently carrying the weight of a guilty verdict.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{G2613}}` is used to illustrate final, often severe, judgment. It appears as a direct command in [[Luke 6:37]]: "**condemn** not, and ye shall not be **condemned**." The word also describes an unjust action, such as when the guiltless are **condemned** due to a failure to understand mercy [[Matthew 12:7]]. The ultimate consequence of this action is shown in [[James 5:6]], where the righteous are not only **condemned** but also killed. Furthermore, the power of speech is tied directly to this term, with [[Matthew 12:37]] stating that by one's words a person will either be justified or **condemned**.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help define the scope of condemnation by contrast or association:
* `{{G1344}}` **dikaióō** (to render just or innocent): This is the direct opposite of condemning. It is used in contrast in [[Matthew 12:37]], where by words one is either **justified** or condemned.
* `{{G2919}}` **krínō** (to distinguish, decide, judge): This word for judging often appears alongside `{{G2613}}`. In [[Luke 6:37]], the instruction to "**judge** not" precedes the command to "**condemn** not," showing a progression from initial assessment to final sentencing.
* `{{G630}}` **apolýō** (to free fully, pardon, forgive): This term for release or forgiveness is presented as the alternative to condemnation in [[Luke 6:37]], highlighting a choice between pronouncing guilt and offering pardon.
* `{{G5407}}` **phoneúō** (to be a murderer, kill): This word is paired with `{{G2613}}` in [[James 5:6]] ("Ye have **condemned** and **killed** the just"), demonstrating the gravest physical outcome that can follow an unjust condemnation.
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G2613}}` is significant, focusing on the nature of judgment and accountability.
* **The Power of Words:** Scripture explicitly states that words have the power to determine a person's final state, leading either to justification or condemnation [[Matthew 12:37]].
* **A Warning Against Unjust Judgment:** The use of `{{G2613}}` serves as a clear warning against passing a guilty sentence on others, especially the guiltless or righteous ([[Matthew 12:7]], [[James 5:6]]).
* **Reciprocal Justice:** The Bible establishes a principle that the act of condemning others will result in one's own condemnation, whereas forgiving leads to forgiveness [[Luke 6:37]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G2613}}` is more than just a general term for disapproval; it is a specific word for pronouncing guilt and sentencing. Its usage in the Bible underscores the finality of judgment, warns against its misuse, and contrasts it sharply with the concepts of mercy, justification, and forgiveness. It reveals that the act of condemnation, whether through words or deeds, carries profound and eternal consequences.
TRV