### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **kakeînos**, represented by `{{G2548}}`, is a compound pronoun formed from καί (and) and ἐκεῖνος (that one). It appears **23 times** across **23 unique verses** in the Bible. Its core function is to connect a subject to a preceding statement, often translated as "he also," "they also," "them also," or "the other," thereby indicating addition, consequence, or correspondence.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In biblical texts, `{{G2548}}` is used to establish crucial connections and draw parallels. It signifies inclusion, as when Jesus speaks of "other sheep" which are not of the current fold and declares, "them also `{{G2548}}` I must bring" [[John 10:16]]. It also establishes reciprocity, such as in the warning that if we deny Christ, "he also `{{G2548}}` will deny us" [[2 Timothy 2:12]]. The term is used to refer to "the other" part of a whole, as when the Pharisees are criticized for tithing while neglecting "the other `{{G2548}}`" weightier matters of the law [[Matthew 23:23]]. It can also indicate consequence, where things from the heart come forth from the mouth, "and they `{{G2548}}` defile the man" [[Matthew 15:18]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the function and meaning of `{{G2548}}`:
* `{{G2532}}` **kaí** (and, also): This primary particle forms the first part of **kakeînos**, providing the copulative force of "and" or "also."
* `{{G1565}}` **ekeînos** (that one, he, they): This pronoun forms the second part of **kakeînos**, referring to a person or thing already mentioned. It is the demonstrative component pointing back to the subject.
* `{{G2504}}` **kagṓ** (and I, I also): This word is a direct parallel to **kakeînos**, formed from καί `{{G2532}}` and ἐγώ `{{G1473}}`, meaning "I." It shows a similar pattern of combining "and/also" with a pronoun. In [[John 6:57]], Jesus uses this structure back-to-back: "and I `{{G2504}}` live by the Father: so... even he `{{G2548}}` shall live by me."
### Theological Significance
The grammatical function of `{{G2548}}` carries significant theological weight by linking concepts together.
* **Inclusion in Salvation:** The word is instrumental in extending the gospel. Jesus's statement about "other sheep" that "them also `{{G2548}}`" He must bring [[John 10:16]] points to the inclusion of Gentiles. Similarly, it is used to affirm that salvation is by grace "even as they `{{G2548}}`" [[Acts 15:11]].
* **Continuation of Christ's Work:** It connects the ministry of Jesus to that of His followers. He promises that the works He did, the believer "shall he do also `{{G2548}}`," and even greater ones [[John 14:12]], establishing a continuity of divine action on earth.
* **Reciprocal Faithfulness:** The term highlights the reciprocal nature of the covenant relationship. Our faithfulness or unfaithfulness has a direct, parallel response from God, as seen in [[2 Timothy 2:12]]: if we deny Him, "he also `{{G2548}}`" will deny us.
* **Source and Sustenance:** It forges a direct link between Christ as the source of life and the believer as the recipient. Just as Christ lives through the Father, "even he `{{G2548}}`" who eats of Christ shall live through Him [[John 6:57]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G2548}}` is more than a simple conjunction or pronoun. It serves as a vital logical bridge in scripture, creating parallels and demonstrating relationships of cause and effect. By meaning "and he" or "they also," it powerfully communicates themes of inclusion in God's plan, the continuation of Christ's ministry, and the profound reciprocity inherent in our relationship with God. This small word is essential for understanding the logic of key theological arguments.
TRV