from καί and ἐκεῖνος; likewise that (or those):--and him (other, them), even he, him also, them (also), (and) they.
Transliteration:kakeînos
Pronunciation:kak-i'-nos
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word κἀκεῖνος (kakeînos, `{{G2548}}`) is a compound demonstrative pronoun formed by the conjunction καί (kai, `{{G2532}}`, meaning "and," "even," "also") and the demonstrative pronoun ἐκεῖνος (ekeinos, `{{G1565}}`, meaning "that," "that one," "he/she/it," "they/those"). Its core meaning is therefore "and that one," "and he/she/it," or "and those," "and them."
This compound word serves to introduce an additional person or group, or to emphasize a specific individual or group in relation to one previously mentioned. It often highlights a distinction or a parallel, drawing attention to the actions, state, or identity of the "other" entity. The semantic range extends to "and him," "even he," "him also," "them also," and "and they," consistently carrying a nuance of inclusion, parallelism, or sharp differentiation. Unlike a simple pronoun, κἀκεῖνος (kakeînos) inherently carries the connective force of "and" or "even," suggesting a relationship or sequence with what precedes it.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
κἀκεῖνος (kakeînos, `{{G2548}}`) appears frequently in the New Testament, often serving to clarify relationships between individuals or groups within a narrative or teaching.
In the Synoptic Gospels, it frequently appears in parables to distinguish between two parties or actions. For instance, in the Parable of the Two Sons, [[Matthew 21:28-31]], κἀκεῖνος (kakeînos) is used to refer to the second son, highlighting his initial refusal but eventual obedience, contrasting with the first son's initial agreement but subsequent disobedience. Similarly, in the Parable of the Faithful and Wise Servant, [[Luke 12:45]], κἀκεῖνος (kakeînos) introduces the unfaithful servant, whose actions stand in stark contrast to the faithful one. Here, the word underscores the distinct moral choices and their consequences.
In the Gospel of John, κἀκεῖνος (kakeînos) often serves to differentiate between individuals or to emphasize a specific person's role or testimony. In the account of Peter and John running to the tomb, [[John 20:4-8]], it is used to refer to "the other disciple" (John), emphasizing his arrival and subsequent belief, distinguishing his actions from Peter's. In [[John 19:35]], concerning the piercing of Jesus' side, the text states, "And he who saw it has borne witness—his testimony is true, and he knows that he tells the truth—that you also may believe." Here, κἀκεῖνος (kakeînos) refers to the eyewitness (John), lending weight and authority to his specific testimony.
The use of κἀκεῖνος (kakeînos) thus provides precision, ensuring that the reader understands which specific "other" is being referenced, often with a subtle emphasis on their distinct role, action, or relationship to the preceding context.
### Related Words & Concepts
The semantic field of κἀκεῖνος (kakeînos, `{{G2548}}`) is intrinsically linked to its constituent parts and other demonstrative or personal pronouns.
* **καί (kai, `{{G2532}}`):** The conjunction "and," "even," "also." This component provides the connective and often emphatic aspect of κἀκεῖνος (kakeînos), indicating an addition or a parallel.
* **ἐκεῖνος (ekeinos, `{{G1565}}`):** The demonstrative pronoun "that," "that one," "he/she/it," "those." This is the core demonstrative element, pointing to something or someone distinct from the immediate speaker or subject, often referring to a more distant or previously mentioned entity.
* **οὗτος (houtos, `{{G3778}}`):** "This," "this one." Often contrasted with ἐκεῖνος (ekeinos), οὗτος (houtos) refers to something nearer or more immediate, whereas ἐκεῖνος (ekeinos) (and by extension κἀκεῖνος (kakeînos)) refers to something more remote or distinct.
* **αὐτός (autos, `{{G846}}`):** "He/she/it," "self," "same." While also a pronoun, αὐτός (autos) lacks the specific demonstrative "that" quality of ἐκεῖνος (ekeinos) and thus κἀκεῖνος (kakeînos).
Concepts related to the function of κἀκεῖνος (kakeînos) include:
* **Distinction and Contrast:** Highlighting differences between two or more parties.
* **Addition and Parallelism:** Introducing another entity that shares a similar characteristic or action.
* **Emphasis:** Drawing specific attention to the "other" entity.
* **Clarity:** Ensuring precise identification of subjects within complex narratives.
### Theological Significance
While κἀκεῖνος (kakeînos, `{{G2548}}`) is primarily a grammatical construct, its precise usage carries significant theological implications by contributing to the clarity and nuance of biblical teachings.
1. **Moral and Spiritual Distinction:** In parables and ethical instructions, the use of κἀκεῖνος (kakeînos) often serves to sharply delineate between two types of responses, characters, or destinies. This is particularly evident in parables concerning judgment or discipleship, where the actions of "that one" (κἀκεῖνος) are contrasted with "this one" (οὗτος). This precision underscores the importance of individual choices and their spiritual consequences (e.g., the two sons, the two servants). It reinforces the biblical emphasis on accountability and the distinct paths of righteousness and unrighteousness.
2. **Christological Identification and Pattern:** When κἀκεῖνος (kakeînos) refers to Christ, it serves to emphasize His unique identity or to present Him as the definitive pattern for belief and conduct. For example, [[1 John 2:6]] states, "Whoever says he abides in him ought to walk in the same way in which he walked." Here, "he" (κἀκεῖνος) refers to Christ, establishing His life as the indispensable standard for Christian living. This usage highlights the imitative aspect of discipleship and the centrality of Christ's example.
3. **Authority and Veracity of Witness:** In passages where a witness is affirmed, particularly in John's Gospel, κἀκεῖνος (kakeînos) can underscore the authority and reliability of that person's testimony. As seen in [[John 19:35]], the eyewitness's account is presented with an emphatic "he knows that he tells the truth," which is foundational for belief. This demonstrates how precise linguistic choices contribute to the theological claim of divine revelation and trustworthy witness.
In essence, κἀκεῖνος (kakeînos) enables the biblical authors to convey subtle yet profound distinctions and connections, which are vital for understanding the characters, actions, and theological truths presented in the sacred text.
### Summary
κἀκεῖνος (kakeînos, `{{G2548}}`) is a compound Greek demonstrative pronoun, meaning "and that one," "he/she/it also," or "and those." Formed from καί (kai, `{{G2532}}`, "and/even") and ἐκεῖνος (ekeinos, `{{G1565}}`, "that/that one"), it functions to introduce an additional or distinct person or group, often emphasizing a contrast or parallel with what has been previously mentioned.
Its occurrences in the New Testament provide clarity and precision, allowing authors to sharply differentiate between individuals in parables (e.g., the two sons in [[Matthew 21:28-31]]) or to highlight the specific actions and roles of distinct figures in narratives (e.g., Peter and John at the tomb in [[John 20:4-8]]). Theologically, κἀκεῖνος (kakeînos) contributes to the biblical text's emphasis on moral distinctions, the authoritative pattern of Christ's life (e.g., [[1 John 2:6]]), and the veracity of eyewitness testimony. Its nuanced usage ensures that the reader accurately identifies and understands the specific referent, thereby contributing to a deeper apprehension of the inspired Word.
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