The Greek word hierōsýnē, represented by G2420, refers to the priestly office, or priesthood. It appears 4 times across 4 unique verses in the Bible. The term's root in sacredness points to the role and function of the priesthood within God's law.
All occurrences of G2420 are in the book of Hebrews and are used to contrast the old priesthood with the new one in Christ. It is used to describe the Levitical priesthood, through which the law was given to the people but which could not bring perfection Hebrews 7:11. The text establishes that Jesus descended from Judah, a tribe about which Moses said nothing concerning the priesthood Hebrews 7:14. Because of this, the priesthood had to be changed Hebrews 7:12, leading to Christ's unchangeable priesthood Hebrews 7:24.
Several related words expand upon the concept of the priestly office:
- G2409 hiereús (a priest): This term identifies the individual holding the priestly office. It is used to refer to Melchisedec Hebrews 7:1, the priests who ministered daily under the law Hebrews 10:11, and believers who are made kings and priests unto God Revelation 1:6.
- G3020 Leuïtikós (Levitical): This word specifically defines the priesthood associated with the Levites. It is used directly with priesthood to form the term "Levitical priesthood" Hebrews 7:11, establishing the context for the change in priestly orders.
The theological weight of G2420 is focused on the transition of covenants.
- Insufficiency of the Old System: The term is used to frame the Levitical priesthood as a system that could not bring about perfection, thus requiring a new and better hope Hebrews 7:11.
- A Change in Law and Priesthood: A central point is that a change in the priesthood from the Levitical order to the order of Melchisedec necessitates a change in the law itself Hebrews 7:12.
- Christ's Eternal Office: The word culminates in describing Jesus's role, who holds an "unchangeable priesthood" because he continues forever Hebrews 7:24, unlike the mortal priests before Him.
In summary, G2420 is a crucial term for understanding the shift in redemptive history detailed in the book of Hebrews. It is used exclusively to contrast the temporary, insufficient Levitical priesthood with the eternal and perfect priesthood of Jesus Christ. The word highlights how Christ's appointment as priest fundamentally changes the law and establishes a permanent means of access to God.
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