from ἐπιποθέω; a longing for:--earnest (vehement) desire.
Transliteration:epipóthēsis
Pronunciation:ep-ee-poth'-ay-sis
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek noun `{{G1972}}`, *epipóthēsis* (ἐπιπόθησις), denotes an intense and earnest longing, a vehement desire, or a profound yearning. It is derived from the verb `{{G1971}}` (*epipotheō*), which means "to long for," "to crave," or "to yearn for with great earnestness." The prefix *epi-* intensifies the root *pothos* (longing, desire), suggesting a desire that is directed toward something specific and pursued with considerable emotional energy. Unlike more neutral or even negative terms for desire (e.g., `{{G1939}}` *epithymia*, which can denote lust), *epipóthēsis* consistently carries a positive or morally neutral connotation in its biblical usage, often implying a desire for reconciliation, restoration, or the presence of a beloved person. It speaks to a deep emotional and spiritual pull, indicating a felt absence or separation that fuels the desire for presence, reunion, or rectification.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term `{{G1972}}` appears twice in the New Testament, both instances found within Paul's Second Letter to the Corinthians:
* **[[2 Corinthians 7:7]]**: "and not only by his coming, but also by the comfort with which he was comforted concerning you, as he told us of your earnest desire, your mourning, your zeal for me, so that I rejoiced even more."
Here, Paul describes Titus's report concerning the Corinthian believers. Their "earnest desire" (τὴν ὑμῶν ἐπιπόθησιν) for Paul is presented as a key indicator of their changed hearts following Paul's previous severe letter. This longing is coupled with "mourning" (πένθος) over their past actions and "zeal" (ζῆλος) for Paul, collectively demonstrating their profound repentance and renewed affection. The epipóthēsis here signifies a deep yearning for reconciliation and restoration of their relationship with the apostle, born out of a recognition of their wrongdoing.
* **[[2 Corinthians 7:11]]**: "For behold what earnestness this very thing, that you sorrowed according to God, produced in you: what vindication, what indignation, what fear, what longing, what zeal, what punishment! In every way you proved yourselves to be pure in this matter."
In this verse, Paul elaborates on the positive outcomes of the Corinthians' "godly sorrow" (κατὰ Θεὸν λύπη). The "longing" (ἐπιπόθησις) is listed among a series of virtues and actions that demonstrate the genuineness of their repentance. These include "earnestness" (σπουδή), "vindication" (ἀπολογία), "indignation" (ἀγανάκτησις), "fear" (φόβος), "zeal" (ζῆλος), and "punishment" (ἔκδικος). This context underscores that the epipóthēsis is not merely a fleeting emotion but a fervent, active desire for purity, righteousness, and restoration, leading to tangible proof of their changed hearts. It is a longing for what is right and good, signifying a deep commitment to spiritual integrity and relational harmony.
### Related Words & Concepts
The most directly related term is the verbal root, `{{G1971}}` (*epipotheō*), which expresses the act of longing. This verb is used in contexts such as Paul's longing to see the Roman Christians ([[Romans 1:11]]) or the Corinthians' longing for Paul ([[2 Corinthians 9:14]]).
Other Greek words conveying aspects of desire or longing include:
* `{{G1939}}` (*epithymia*): A broad term for desire, which can be positive (e.g., longing to depart and be with Christ, [[Philippians 1:23]]) or negative (e.g., sinful lusts, [[Galatians 5:16]]). Unlike *epipóthēsis*, *epithymia* does not inherently carry the same intensity or the specific nuance of longing for reconciliation or presence.
* `{{G3709}}` (*orexis*): Refers to appetite or craving, often used in a negative sense concerning ungodly desires ([[Romans 1:27]]).
* `{{G2237}}` (*himeros*): A longing or yearning, but it is very rare in the New Testament (only in [[2 Corinthians 7:7]] in some manuscripts, but `{{G1972}}` is the preferred reading).
* `{{G4308}}` (*proskarteresis*): Perseverance or steadfastness, often in devotion or prayer, implying a deep-seated commitment that might stem from a profound desire.
`{{G1972}}` stands out among these terms for its specific emphasis on an intense, often repentant, and relationally focused yearning. It is a desire that arises from a recognition of a need for restoration or a deep appreciation for another's presence.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{G1972}}` is primarily illuminated by its context in 2 Corinthians, where it functions as a powerful indicator of genuine repentance and spiritual transformation.
1. **Fruit of Godly Sorrow:** Epipóthēsis is presented as a direct consequence of "godly sorrow" ([[2 Corinthians 7:10]]). This sorrow, unlike worldly sorrow, leads to repentance and salvation. The "earnest desire" of the Corinthians for Paul demonstrates that their sorrow was not merely regret for consequences, but a profound yearning for right relationship and moral purity. It signifies a heart that turns from sin and actively seeks reconciliation.
2. **Authenticity of Faith and Reconciliation:** The intensity of this longing serves as evidence of the genuineness of their faith and the sincerity of their repentance. It speaks to the New Testament's emphasis on reconciliation—both with God and with fellow believers. The Corinthians' epipóthēsis for Paul reflects their desire to heal the breach in their relationship, which is a vital aspect of Christian community and witness.
3. **Desire for Holiness and Righteousness:** In [[2 Corinthians 7:11]], the "longing" is listed alongside other virtues that signify a commitment to purity and righteousness. This suggests that epipóthēsis is not merely an emotional state but a spiritual impulse that drives believers toward a more sanctified life. It is a yearning for conformity to God's will and for the restoration of what is broken or defiled.
4. **Implication for the Believer's Walk:** While not directly applied to the believer's longing for Christ's return or for deeper communion with God, the essence of epipóthēsis—an intense yearning for presence, reconciliation, and righteousness—resonates deeply with the spiritual aspirations of a transformed heart. It underscores the importance of a fervent, active desire for God and His kingdom as a hallmark of genuine discipleship.
### Summary
The Greek word `{{G1972}}` (*epipóthēsis*) denotes an intense, earnest, and often vehement longing or desire. Its two occurrences in 2 Corinthians 7 provide crucial insight into its meaning, linking it directly to the fruits of godly sorrow and genuine repentance. The Corinthians' epipóthēsis for Paul signifies their fervent desire for reconciliation, their mourning over past transgressions, and their zeal for restored relationship and purity. This profound yearning serves as a powerful indicator of authentic spiritual transformation, demonstrating a heart that actively seeks what is righteous and good. In essence, *epipóthēsis* is a longing born out of a recognition of brokenness and a fervent hope for renewed communion and integrity, making it a significant term for understanding the dynamics of repentance and reconciliation in the Christian life.
TRV