### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek noun empaigmós (`{{G1701}}`) is derived from the verb empaízō (`{{G1702}}`), which signifies "to mock," "to ridicule," or "to make sport of." Consequently, empaigmós denotes the *act* or *result* of such an action, specifically "derision," "scoffing," "ridicule," or "mockery." It carries a strong semantic weight of contempt and scorn, often implying a deliberate, sometimes playful yet malicious, intent to humiliate, belittle, or make a person or their beliefs appear foolish. This is not merely disagreement, but an active, often public, display of disdain.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term empaigmós (`{{G1701}}`) appears only once in the New Testament, found in the poignant "hall of faith" chapter: [[Hebrews 11:36]]. The verse reads, "and others experienced mockings and flogging, yes, also chains and imprisonment." In this context, empaigmós is listed among a litany of severe persecutions endured by those who lived by faith in God. The placement of "mockings" alongside physical abuses like flogging and imprisonment is significant. It suggests that this form of derision was not a trivial insult but a profound psychological and social torment, designed to break the spirit and undermine the resolve of the faithful. This particular mockery likely involved public humiliation and scorn, aimed at shaming believers for their unwavering trust in God, thereby underscoring the depth of their commitment as they chose to endure such contempt rather than renounce their convictions.
### Related Words & Concepts
The most directly related word is its verbal root, empaízō (`{{G1702}}`), meaning "to mock" or "to ridicule." This verb is frequently used in the Gospels to describe the intense mockery endured by Jesus during His passion, notably by the Roman soldiers and religious authorities ([[Matthew 27:29]], [[Mark 15:20]], [[Luke 23:11]], [[Luke 23:36]]). This direct etymological link highlights that the suffering described in [[Hebrews 11:36]] mirrors the ultimate experience of Christ Himself. Other related terms within the semantic field of scorn and ridicule include:
* mukterízō (`{{G3456}}`): "to turn up the nose at," implying contemptuous sneering ([[Galatians 6:7]]).
* katageláō (`{{G2606}}`): "to laugh down," or "to ridicule" ([[Matthew 9:24]], [[Mark 5:40]], [[Luke 8:53]]).
* skōptō (`{{G4647}}`): "to mock" or "to jeer at."
The collective semantic field points to various forms of scorn, derision, contempt, and humiliation, often inflicted by those in positions of power or majority upon a minority or vulnerable group.
### Theological Significance
The singular occurrence of empaigmós (`{{G1701}}`) in [[Hebrews 11:36]] carries profound theological significance within the broader biblical narrative of suffering and faithfulness. Its inclusion in the catalogue of trials endured by the heroes of faith elevates enduring ridicule and derision to the same level of spiritual significance as physical torture and imprisonment. This aligns with the pervasive biblical theme that suffering for righteousness' sake is not an indicator of divine disfavor, but often an inevitable consequence of allegiance to God in a fallen world ([[Matthew 5:11-12]], [[1 Peter 4:12-16]]). The experience of empaigmós directly connects the suffering of the Old Testament saints to the suffering of Christ, who was the preeminent object of empaízō (mockery) by His adversaries. This shared pattern of suffering underscores a divine identification with the faithful who endure persecution. The willingness to face such scorn demonstrates a profound spiritual resilience, prioritizing divine approval and an eternal hope over human acceptance, comfort, or worldly honor. It speaks powerfully to the demanding cost of discipleship and the unwavering conviction that transcends immediate humiliation.
### Summary
Empaigmós (`{{G1701}}`) is a Greek noun meaning "derision" or "mockery," directly derived from the verb empaízō (`{{G1702}}`), "to mock." Its sole New Testament appearance in [[Hebrews 11:36]] describes a severe form of suffering endured by faithful individuals, listed alongside flogging and imprisonment. This "mocking" represents a contemptuous and humiliating act designed to belittle and break the spirit of believers. Theologically, it underscores that enduring ridicule for one's faith is a profound mark of true discipleship, linking the experiences of Old Testament saints to the ultimate suffering of Christ. It highlights the significant cost of unwavering faith and the spiritual fortitude required to face scorn rather than compromise one's convictions.
TRV