The Greek word helkóō, represented by G1669, is derived from ἕλκος and means to cause to ulcerate or, in a passive sense, to be ulcerous. It appears only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the Bible, where it is translated as full of sores.
In its sole biblical appearance, G1669 is used to describe the grim physical condition of Lazarus, a beggar who was laid at a rich man's gate Luke 16:20. The word powerfully conveys a state of extreme physical suffering and destitution. Its usage is not merely to indicate sickness, but to paint a vivid picture of a body completely afflicted with ulcerous sores, emphasizing the character's miserable state.
Several words from its only context help to frame its meaning:
- G4434 ptōchós: This word for beggar or poor describes Lazarus's social and economic condition. It denotes absolute destitution and public mendicancy, a state which God often addresses by choosing the poor of the world to be rich in faith James 2:5 or by anointing his servants to preach the gospel to them Luke 4:18.
- G906 bállō: This verb, meaning to throw or lay, describes how Lazarus arrived at the gate. While it can mean to cast violently, as when the great dragon was cast out Revelation 12:9, in this context it implies a passive placement, highlighting Lazarus's helplessness.
The theological weight of G1669 is derived entirely from its singular, potent context in the parable of Lazarus.
- Embodiment of Suffering: The term gives a physical manifestation to the concept of misery and destitution. The state of being "full of sores" creates a stark, visceral contrast between the suffering of the lowly and the comfort of the wealthy in the narrative Luke 16:20.
- Association with the Poor: Its use is inseparable from Lazarus's identity as a ptōchós G4434, or poor man. This links his physical affliction to the very class of people Jesus declared "blessed" Matthew 5:3 and to whom the gospel is preached Matthew 11:5.
- Depiction of Helplessness: Paired with the action of being "laid" or cast G906 at the gate, being full of sores underscores a condition of complete powerlessness, an earthly state that is ultimately reversed in the kingdom of God.
In summary, G1669 is a highly specific and impactful word. Though used only once, its appearance in Luke 16:20 provides an unforgettable image of physical degradation. It works in concert with related words for poverty G4434 and passive action G906 to define a state of utter destitution. The word's significance is rooted in this one powerful depiction, anchoring a profound lesson on earthly suffering, divine justice, and the ultimate state of the blessed poor.
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