### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek noun ἔλεγξις (G1649, *élenxis*) is derived directly from the verb ἐλέγχω (G1651, *elégchō*), which means "to convict," "to expose," "to reprove," or "to rebuke." Therefore, ἔλεγξις signifies the *act* or *result* of this conviction or exposure. It is more than a mere scolding or criticism; it carries the connotation of a reasoned and often forceful demonstration of error or fault, leading to conviction. The base definition "refutation" captures this essence well, implying the bringing to light of what is false or wrong, thereby proving it to be so. This "reproof" or "rebuke" is not arbitrary but grounded in truth, aiming to bring about a recognition of sin or deviation from righteousness.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The noun ἔλεγξις (G1649) appears only once in the New Testament, specifically in [[2 Timothy 3:16]]. This singular occurrence is profoundly significant for understanding the nature and purpose of inspired Scripture:
* **[[2 Timothy 3:16]]:** "All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness..."
In this pivotal verse, ἔλεγξις is translated as "rebuking." It is presented as one of four divinely ordained purposes for which "all Scripture" (πᾶσα γραφὴ - *pasa graphē*) is useful. Alongside "teaching" (διδασκαλία - G1319, *didaskalia*), "correcting" (ἐπανόρθωσις - G1882, *epanorthosis*), and "training in righteousness" (παιδεία ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ - G3809, *paideia en dikaiosynē*), "rebuking" (ἔλεγξις) highlights the confrontational and convicting power of God's Word. The Scripture, being "God-breathed" (θεόπνευστος - G2315, *theopneustos*), possesses the inherent authority to expose sin, refute false doctrine, and demonstrate the errancy of human conduct or belief. It is a divine instrument for bringing conviction to the conscience, not merely to condemn, but to lead to repentance and a subsequent "correction" and "training in righteousness." The sequence implies that ἔλεγξις (exposing the error) precedes ἐπανόρθωσις (setting things right).
### Related Words & Concepts
The primary related word is the verb from which ἔλεγξις (G1649) is derived:
* **ἐλέγχω (G1651, *elégchō*):** This verb is frequently used in the New Testament to describe the act of convincing, convicting, or reproving. Examples include the Holy Spirit convicting the world of sin ([[John 16:8]]), Jesus challenging His accusers ([[John 8:46]]), and believers admonishing one another ([[Ephesians 5:11]]). The noun ἔλεγξις is the concrete manifestation or result of this verbal action.
Other words related to correction and instruction, often appearing in similar contexts, include:
* **διδασκαλία (G1319, *didaskalia*):** Teaching, doctrine. Found alongside ἔλεγξις in [[2 Timothy 3:16]], emphasizing the instructive aspect of Scripture.
* **ἐπανόρθωσις (G1882, *epanorthosis*):** Correction, restoration to an upright state. Also in [[2 Timothy 3:16]], it signifies the positive adjustment or rectification that follows the exposure of error (ἔλεγξις).
* **παιδεία (G3809, *paideia*):** Training, discipline, instruction, often including correction. This broader concept also appears in [[2 Timothy 3:16]], encompassing the entire process of spiritual formation.
* **νουθεσία (G3559, *nouthesia*):** Admonition, warning, instruction. While similar, νουθεσία often implies a more gentle, verbal warning or counsel, whereas ἔλεγξις carries a stronger sense of authoritative exposure and conviction.
### Theological Significance
The singular yet potent use of ἔλεγξις (G1649) in [[2 Timothy 3:16]] carries profound theological weight:
1. **Divine Authority of Scripture:** The fact that God's inspired Word is described as possessing ἔλεγξις underscores its inherent authority. It is not merely a collection of human writings but the very breath of God, capable of authoritatively exposing human sin and error. This refutation is not arbitrary but flows from divine truth.
2. **Purpose of Scripture:** ἔλεγξις highlights a critical, often uncomfortable, function of the Bible. It is not solely for comfort or intellectual enlightenment but also for confrontation. It serves as a spiritual mirror, reflecting our true state before God and convicting us of our shortcomings. This convicting power is essential for spiritual health and growth.
3. **Path to Repentance and Holiness:** The "rebuking" of Scripture, through ἔλεγξις, is a gracious act of God designed to lead individuals to conviction, which is a necessary precursor to repentance. By revealing sin and error, God provides the opportunity for His people to turn from unrighteousness and pursue holiness. It is part of the sanctifying work of the Holy Spirit through the Word.
4. **Foundation for Pastoral Ministry:** For those called to teach and preach God's Word, ἔλεγξις is an indispensable tool. Ministers are tasked with faithfully wielding the Scripture to expose false teaching, confront sin within the church, and call believers to a life consistent with the gospel. This must be done with love and for the purpose of restoration, not condemnation.
### Summary
The Greek word ἔλεγξις (G1649, *élenxis*) signifies a "refutation" or "reproof" that stems from the act of convincing or exposing error. Its sole New Testament occurrence in [[2 Timothy 3:16]] is highly significant, revealing that "all Scripture" is "God-breathed" and uniquely equipped for "rebuking." This means the Bible possesses the divine authority and power to expose sin, refute falsehood, and bring conviction to the human heart. Far from mere criticism, ἔλεγξις implies a reasoned, authoritative demonstration of fault, intended by God to lead His people to a recognition of their need for correction, repentance, and growth in righteousness. It is a vital aspect of God's Word in guiding believers toward holiness and is fundamental to faithful pastoral ministry.
TRV