Word Study for G1581 (ἐκκόπτω)

ekkóptō /ek-kop'-to/ Ask about this word

Rootfrom ἐκ and κόπτω

Meaningto exscind; figuratively, to frustrate

KJV usagecut down (off, out), hew down, hinder.

Word Study

In depth

A plain-language study of ekkóptō — the range of meaning it carries, how Scripture actually uses it, and where it points. Written for readers who don’t know the original language.

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Greek word ekkóptō, represented by G1581, means to exscind. It is used to convey actions like "to cut down," "cut off," "hew down," and figuratively "to hinder" or "frustrate." It appears 16 times across 11 unique verses in the Bible. The word signifies a decisive act of separation or removal, whether of a physical object or a spiritual hindrance.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

In scripture, G1581 is used to illustrate judgment and the need for spiritual decisiveness. A recurring image is that of an unfruitful tree being hewn down (Matthew 3:10, Matthew 7:19). This metaphor extends to the parable of the fig tree, where the command is given to cut it down for cumbering the ground Luke 13:7. The term also describes the radical action required to deal with sin, as in the instruction to cut off a hand or foot that causes offense Matthew 18:8. In a theological sense, it is used to warn believers that they can be cut off from God's goodness if they do not continue in it Romans 11:22, and it can also mean to be hindered, as with prayers 1 Peter 3:7.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words clarify the context and consequences of the action described by G1581:

G513 axínē (an axe): This is the instrument of cutting. In passages of judgment, the axe is said to be laid at the root of the trees just before they are hewn down (Matthew 3:10, Luke 3:9).
G906 bállō (to throw...cast (out)): This word often describes the action that immediately follows being cut down. Unfruitful trees are hewn down and then cast into the fire Matthew 7:19. Similarly, an offending hand is to be cut off and cast away Matthew 5:30.
G1461 enkentrízō (to prick in, i.e. ingraft): This word serves as a direct contrast to being cut off. In Romans 11, while some branches are cut out of the olive tree G1581, others are graffed in Romans 11:24.

Theological Significance

The theological significance of G1581 is profound, centering on themes of judgment, sanctification, and divine relationship.

Judgment on Unfruitfulness: The word is repeatedly used to depict the consequence for that which fails to produce good fruit. This principle applies to trees and, by extension, to people, signifying a final and decisive removal (Matthew 7:19, Luke 13:9).
Radical Sanctification: Its use in commands to cut off an offending body part underscores the seriousness of sin and the necessity of complete separation from it for spiritual life (Matthew 5:30, Matthew 18:8).
Divine Pruning and Severity: In the context of the olive tree, being cut off is a result of God's severity G663 toward those who fall away from faith, illustrating that relationship with God is conditional on continuing in His goodness Romans 11:22.
Removal of Obstacles: Figuratively, the word applies to removing things that get in the way. Paul seeks to cut off occasion from his opponents 2 Corinthians 11:12, and husbands are warned not to act in a way that their prayers would be hindered 1 Peter 3:7.

Summary

In summary, G1581 ekkóptō is more than just a word for cutting. It represents a definitive act of separation with significant spiritual implications. From the literal hewing down of an unproductive tree to the figurative cutting off of sin, hindrances, or even people from a state of blessing, the word consistently points to a severe and decisive action. It is a cornerstone for understanding biblical concepts of judgment for unfruitfulness, the necessity of radical holiness, and the serious nature of maintaining a relationship with God.

How the KJV Renders It

Translation

Strong’s lists the renderings but not their weight. These are counted from the King James text of the tagged verses — the bar under each is how often the translators actually reached for it. Select one to filter the occurrences below.

Grammatical Forms

Morphology

In the Greek New Testament, this word appears as a verb across 11 occurrences, inflected in 7 grammatical forms — each row is one form, and the bar is how often it is that form.

Aorist Active Imperative 2nd Singular 3×
Present Passive Indicative 3rd Singular 3×
2nd Aorist Passive Indicative 2nd Singular 1×
2nd Future Passive Indicative 2nd Singular 1×
Aorist Active Subjunctive 1st Singular 1×
Future Active Indicative 2nd Singular 1×
Present Passive Infinitive 1×

Singular: One.
1st: First person — the speaker ("I"/"we").
2nd: Second person — the one addressed ("you").
3rd: Third person — the one spoken about ("he"/"they").
Present: Action in progress or repeated — happening now or continually.
Future: Action yet to take place.
Aorist: Action viewed as a single whole — usually a simple past event.
Active: The subject performs the action.
Passive: The subject is acted upon.
Indicative: A plain statement of fact.
Imperative: A command or entreaty.
Subjunctive: Possibility or purpose — "might", "should".
Infinitive: The verb as a noun — "to do".

Theographic Context

Context

The people, places, and span of history the verses containing this word touch on — drawn from the theographic tagging of Scripture. Select any name to isolate its verses in the occurrence list.

Biblical Distribution

Distribution

Appears in 11 verses across 5 of the 27 books. Most frequent in Matthew (4 verses); never once in the other 22.

Matthew

Luke

Romans

2 Corinthians

1 Peter

Every Occurrence

Concordance

Every verse where the word is tagged in the King James text. Filter by book, by the English word the translators chose, or search within the verses.

Sources. Definition and numbering: James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890). Morphology: STEPBible / Tyndale House (CC BY). Verse tagging: the King James text keyed to Strong’s numbers. Every count on this page is computed from the tagged corpus, not estimated.