The Greek word ekdikéō, represented by G1556, is defined as to vindicate, retaliate, or punish. It appears 6 times across 6 unique verses in the Bible. This term specifically addresses the act of seeking or carrying out vengeance, often in the context of rectifying an injustice.
In biblical usage, G1556 is found in pleas for justice and declarations of divine judgment. A persistent widow repeatedly asks a judge to avenge her of her adversary (Luke 18:3, Luke 18:5). In Revelation, the souls of martyrs cry out to the Lord, asking when He will judge and avenge their blood Revelation 6:10. This cry is answered later when a heavenly voice declares that God's judgments are true and righteous, for he "hath avenged the blood of his servants" Revelation 19:2. Conversely, believers are directly commanded not to avenge themselves but to leave room for God's wrath Romans 12:19. The term is also used to describe a readiness to revenge all disobedience 2 Corinthians 10:6.
Several related words help clarify the concept of divine justice and retribution:
- G1557 ekdíkēsis (vindication, retribution): This is the noun form of the verb, representing the act of vengeance itself. It is found in the declaration, "Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord" Romans 12:19.
- G2919 krínō (to judge, condemn, punish): This word for judging is often paired with the act of avenging. The martyrs under the altar ask God to both "judge and avenge" their blood Revelation 6:10.
- G3709 orgḗ (wrath): This term for divine anger is the motivation behind God's vengeance. Believers are told not to avenge themselves but to "give place unto wrath" Romans 12:19.
The theological weight of G1556 is significant, highlighting a clear distinction between human retaliation and divine justice.
- Divine Prerogative: The act of vengeance is reserved for God alone. Believers are explicitly forbidden from taking matters into their own hands, instructed not to avenge themselves because God has stated, "Vengeance is mine; I will repay" Romans 12:19.
- Righteous Judgment: God's vengeance is not a malicious act but an expression of His just character. His judgments are declared "true and righteous" in the very context of Him having avenged the innocent blood shed on earth Revelation 19:2.
- Awaiting Vindication: The word is used in cries for justice from the oppressed. The pleas of the widow Luke 18:3 and the martyrs Revelation 6:10 demonstrate a faith that God is a righteous judge who will ultimately vindicate His people.
In summary, G1556 is a precise term that defines the execution of justice and punishment. It consistently points to the principle that while humans may cry out to be avenged, the ultimate authority to carry out vengeance rests with God. The word reinforces a core biblical theme: justice will be served, not through human retaliation, but through the perfect and righteous judgment of the Lord.
TRV