of Chaldee origin (compare גֻּלְגֹּלֶת); the skull; Golgotha, a knoll near Jerusalem:--Golgotha.
Transliteration:Golgothâ
Pronunciation:gol-goth-ah'
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek term Γολγοθᾶ (Golgothâ), Strong's `{{G1115}}`, is a direct transliteration of an Aramaic word. Its fundamental meaning, as consistently interpreted by the Gospel writers themselves, is "place of a skull." This interpretation is rooted in the Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew word `{{H1538}}` (gulgolet), which likewise signifies "skull." Semantically, Γολγοθᾶ denotes a specific geographical location, a small hill or knoll situated outside the city walls of Jerusalem. The name likely refers either to the topographical appearance of the place, perhaps resembling a skull, or, more plausibly, to its function as a site of public execution where the remains of the condemned, particularly skulls, would have been visible.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
Γολγοθᾶ appears four times in the New Testament, exclusively within the passion narratives of the Synoptic Gospels and John. Each occurrence marks the solemn location of Jesus' crucifixion:
* [[Matthew 27:33]]: "And when they were come unto a place called Golgotha, that is to say, a place of a skull,"
* [[Mark 15:22]]: "And they bring him unto the place Golgotha, which is, being interpreted, The place of a skull."
* [[Luke 23:33]]: While Luke does not use "Golgotha" directly, he refers to "the place, which is called Calvary," which is the Latin equivalent for "place of a skull," indicating the same location.
* [[John 19:17]]: "And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in Hebrew Golgotha:"
The consistent interpretive note provided by the evangelists ("place of a skull") reinforces the etymological meaning and ensures clarity for Greek-speaking audiences. The location is consistently depicted as being outside the city gate, a detail consistent with Jewish law regarding executions ([[Hebrews 13:12]]). The singular and profound context of all these occurrences is the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, making Golgotha the physical epicenter of the atoning work of salvation.
### Related Words & Concepts
The primary related word is the Hebrew `{{H1538}}` (gulgolet), from which the Aramaic term underlying Γολγοθᾶ is derived. This linguistic connection underscores the consistent meaning of "skull." The Latin term "Calvary" (from *calvaria*), used in some translations for [[Luke 23:33]], is another direct semantic equivalent, meaning "skull" or "place of the skull." Beyond linguistic parallels, Γολγοθᾶ is inextricably linked to the concepts of crucifixion, execution, sacrifice, and atonement. It is the geographical point where the divine plan of redemption culminated in the ultimate act of self-giving love.
### Theological Significance
Golgotha transcends its identity as a mere geographical location; it is a sacred and profoundly significant space hallowed by the shedding of Christ's blood. Theologically, it represents the pivotal intersection of divine justice and divine love, where the full penalty for human sin was paid, and God's redemptive purpose was perfectly accomplished. The "skull" imagery, while stark and evocative of death, paradoxically points to the place where death itself was conquered by Christ's own death and subsequent resurrection. Golgotha stands as a solemn reminder of the immense cost of sin and the boundless grace of God. For believers, it is the enduring symbol of humility, suffering, and the triumphant victory of Christ over sin, death, and the grave. It is the locus from which the power of the Gospel emanates.
### Summary
Γολγοθᾶ (Golgothâ), Strong's `{{G1115}}`, is an Aramaic transliteration meaning "place of a skull," related to the Hebrew `{{H1538}}`. This term designates the specific knoll outside Jerusalem where Jesus Christ was crucified. It appears four times in the New Testament ([[Matthew 27:33]], [[Mark 15:22]], [[John 19:17]], and implicitly in [[Luke 23:33]] as "Calvary"). The consistent interpretation provided by the Gospel writers emphasizes its literal meaning. Theologically, Golgotha is far more than a geographical marker; it is the hallowed ground where the ultimate sacrifice for sin was made, signifying the profound victory of Christ over death and the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan. It stands as a timeless symbol of divine love, justice, and the power of the cross.
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