### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **gongýzō**, represented by `{{G1111}}`, means **to grumble** or **murmur**. With a definition of uncertain derivation, this term appears **8 times** across **7 unique verses** in the Bible. It consistently describes an act of discontented muttering or complaining, often in response to divine authority or actions.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{G1111}}` is used to express disapproval and resistance. The Jews **murmured** at Jesus because of his claim to be the bread that came down from heaven [[John 6:41]]. Similarly, his own disciples **murmured** at his teachings, finding them difficult to accept [[John 6:61]]. The scribes and Pharisees also **murmured** against His disciples for eating and drinking with publicans and sinners [[Luke 5:30]]. The word captures the sound of a crowd's discontent, as when the Pharisees heard the people **murmured** such things concerning Jesus [[John 7:32]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide context for the act of murmuring:
* `{{G3366}}` **mēdé** (but not, not even; in a continued negation, nor): This word is used to issue a direct prohibition against murmuring. It appears in the warning, "**Neither** murmur ye," which links the act directly to divine judgment [[1 Corinthians 10:10]].
* `{{G3004}}` **légō** (to "lay" forth, i.e. (figuratively) relate (in words...); by implication, to mean:--ask, bid, boast, call, describe... say, speak, tell, utter): This verb for speaking often accompanies an act of murmuring, clarifying the content of the complaint. For instance, the scribes and Pharisees **murmured**, "**saying**, Why do ye eat and drink with publicans and sinners?" [[Luke 5:30]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G1111}}` is significant, highlighting a specific kind of sinful attitude.
* **Rejection of Authority:** Murmuring is consistently directed against Jesus or his representatives. It is an audible sign of a heart that questions or rejects divine claims and teachings, as seen when the Jews **murmured** about His heavenly origin [[John 6:41]].
* **A Prohibited Act:** The act of murmuring is explicitly forbidden. Paul warns the Corinthians, "**Neither** murmur ye," reminding them that this very act led to destruction in the past [[1 Corinthians 10:10]]. Jesus Himself commands his followers, "**Murmur** not among yourselves" [[John 6:43]].
* **Discontent with Grace:** The term is used in the parable of the laborers, where those who worked all day **murmured** against the landowner's decision to pay everyone equally, showing discontent with his sovereign generosity [[Matthew 20:11]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G1111}}` is not merely a word for simple complaining. It is a term that signifies a deep-seated spiritual problem—a grumbling discontent aimed at God's authority, his grace, and his appointed messengers. The scriptures portray murmuring as a dangerous act that is directly forbidden and associated with judgment, serving as a powerful warning about the posture of one's heart toward God.
TRV