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Commentary on Psalms 68 verses 22–31
In these verses we have three things: -
I. The gracious promise which God makes of the redemption of his people, and their victory over his and their enemies (Psa 68:22, Psa 68:23): The Lord said, in his own gracious purpose and promise, "I will do great things for my people, as the God of their salvation," Psa 68:20. God will not fail the expectations of those who by faith take him for their God. It is promised, 1. That he will set them in safety from their danger, as he had done formerly: "I will again bring them from the depths of the sea," as he did Israel when he brought them out of the slavery of Egypt into the ease and liberty of the wilderness; "and I will again bring them from Bashan," as he did Israel when he brought them from their wants and wanderings in the wilderness into the fulness and settlement of the land of Canaan; for the land of Bashan was on the other side Jordan, where they had wars with Sihon and Og, and whence their next removal was into Canaan. Note, The former appearances of God's power and goodness for his people should encourage their faith and hope in him for the future, that what he has done he will do again. He will set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people (Isa 11:11); and we may perhaps see repeated all the wonders which our fathers told us of. But this is not all: 2. That he will make them victorious over their enemies (Psa 68:23): That thy feet may be dipped, as thou passest along, in the blood of thy enemies, shed like water in great abundance, and the tongue of thy dogs may lap in the same. Dogs licked the blood of Ahab; and, in the destruction of the anti-christian generation, we read of blood up to the horses' bridles, Rev 14:20. The victories with which God blessed David's forces over the enemies of Israel are here prophesied of, but as types of Christ's victory over death and the grave for himself and for all believers, in his resurrection (and theirs by virtue of his) out of the earth, and of the destruction of the enemies of Christ and his church, who shall have blood given them to drink, for they are worthy.
II. The welcome entertainment which God's own people shall give to these glorious discoveries of his grace, both in his word and in his works. Has he spoken in his holiness? Has he said he will bring again from Bashan? What then is required of us in return to this?
1.That we observe his motions (Psa 68:24): "They have seen, thy people have seen, thy goings, O God! While others regard not the work of the Lord, nor the operation of his hands, they have seen the goings of my God, my King, in the sanctuary." See here, (1.) How an active faith appropriates God; he is God and King; but that is not all, he is my God and my King. Those who thus take him for theirs may see him, in all his outgoings, acting as their God, as their King, for their good, and in answer to their prayers. (2.) Where God's most remarkable outgoings are, even in the sanctuary, in and by his word and ordinances, and among his people in the gospel church especially, in and by which is made known the manifold wisdom of God. These outgoings of his in the sanctuary far outshine the outgoings of the morning and the evening, and more loudly proclaim his eternal power and godhead. (3.) What is our duty in reference to these outgoings, which is to observe them. This is the finger of God. Surely God is with us of a truth.
2.That we give him glory in the most devout and solemn manner. When we see his goings in his sanctuary, (1.) Let those that are immediately employed in the service of the temple praise him, Psa 68:25. It was expected that the Levites, some of whom were singers and others players on instruments, who had the nearest views of his outgoings in his sanctuary, should lead in his praises. And, it being a day of extraordinary triumph, among them were damsels playing with timbrels, to complete the concert. "Thus (says Dr. Hammond) when Christ has gone up to heaven the apostles shall celebrate and publish it to all the world, and even the women that were witnesses of it shall affectionately join with them in divulging it." (2.) Let all the people of Israel in their solemn religious assembly give glory to God: Bless God, not only in temples, but in the synagogues, or schools of the prophets, or wherever there is a congregation of those that come forth from the fountain of Israel, that are of the seed of Jacob, let them concur in blessing God. Public mercies, which we jointly share in, call for public thanksgivings, which all should join in. "Thus (says Dr. Hammond) all Christians shall be obliged solemnly to magnify the name of the Messiah, and, to that end, frequently to assemble together in congregations." And, (3.) Let those among them who, upon any account, are the most eminent, and make a figure, go before the rest in praising God, Psa 68:27. There was little Benjamin (that was the royal tribe in Saul's time) with their rulers, the princes of Judah (that was the royal tribe in David's time), and their council, their captains or leaders. In the beginning of David's reign there had been long war between Judah and Benjamin, but now they both join in praises for success against the common enemy. But why are the tribes of Zebulun and Naphtali particularly mentioned? Perhaps because those tribes, lying towards the north, lay most exposed to the incursions of the Syrians, and other neighbours that molested them, and therefore should be in a particular manner thankful for these victories over them. Dr. Hammond gives another reason, That these were the two learned tribes. Naphtali giveth goodly words (Gen 49:21) and Zebulun had those that handle the pen of the writer, Jdg 5:14. These shall join in praising God, their princes especially. It is much for the honour of God when those that are above others in dignity, power, and reputation, go before them in the worship of God and are forward in using their influence and interest for the advancing of any service that is to be done to him. Dr. Hammond notes hence that the kingdom of the Messiah should, at length, be submitted to by all the potentates and learned men in the world.
3.That we seek unto him, and depend upon him, for the perfecting of what he has begun, Psa 68:28. In the former part of the verse the psalmist speaks to Israel: "Thy God has commanded thy strength; that is, whatever is done for thee, or whatever strength thou hast to help thyself, it comes from God, his power and grace, and the word which he has commanded; thou hast no reason to fear while thou hast strength of God's commanding, and no reason to boast while thou hast no strength but what is of his commanding." In the latter part he speaks to God, encouraged by his experiences: "Strengthen, O God! that which thou hast wrought for us. Lord, confirm what thou hast commanded, perform what thou hast promised, and bring to a happy end that good work which thou hast so gloriously begun." What God has wrought he will strengthen; where he has given true grace he will give more grace. Some make this whole verse to be a believer's address to the Messiah, whom David calls God, as he had done, Psa 45:6, Psa 45:8. "Thy God" (God the Father) "has commanded thy strength, has made thee strong for himself, as the man of his right hand (Psa 80:17), has treasured up strength in thee for us; therefore we pray that thou, O God the Son! wilt strengthen what thou hast wrought for us, wilt accomplish thy undertaking for us by finishing thy good work in us."
III. The powerful invitation and inducement which would hereby be given to those that are without to come in and join themselves to the church, Psa 68:29-31. This was in part fulfilled by the accession of many proselytes to the Jewish religion in the days of David and Solomon; but it was to have its full accomplishment in the conversion of the Gentile nations to the faith of Christ, and the making of them fellow-heirs, and of the same body, with the seed of Israel, Eph 3:6. 1. Some shall submit for fear (Psa 68:30): "The company of spearmen, that stand it out against Christ and his gospel, that are not willing to be ruled by him, that persecute the preachers and professors of his name, that are furious and outrageous as a multitude of bulls, fat and wanton as the calves of the people" (which is a description of those Jews and Gentiles that opposed the gospel of Christ and did what they could to prevent the setting up of his kingdom in the world), "Lord, rebuke them, abate their pride, assuage their malice, and confound their devices, till, conquered by the convictions of their consciences and the many checks of providence, they be every one of them brought, at length, to submit themselves with pieces of silver, as being glad to make their peace with the church upon any terms." Even Judas submitted himself with pieces of silver when he returned them with this confession, I have betrayed innocent blood. And see Rev 3:9. Many, by being rebuked, have been happily saved from being ruined. But as for those that will not submit, notwithstanding these rebukes, he prays for their dispersion, which amounts to a prophecy of it: Scatter thou the people that delight in war, who take such a pleasure in opposing Christ that they will never be reconciled to him. This may refer to the unbelieving Jews, who delighted in making war upon the holy seed, and would not submit themselves, and were therefore scattered over the face of the earth. David had himself been a man of war, but could appeal to God that he never delighted in war and bloodshed for its own sake; as for those that did, and therefore would not submit to the fairest terms of peace, he does not doubt but God would scatter them. Those are lost to all the sacred principles of humanity, as well as Christianity, that can delight in war and take a pleasure in contention let them expect that, sooner or later, they shall have enough of it, Isa 33:1; Rev 13:10. 2. Others shall submit willingly (Psa 68:29, Psa 68:31): Because of thy temple at Jerusalem (this David speaks of in faith, for the temple of Jerusalem was not built in his time, only the materials and model were prepared) kings shall bring presents unto thee; rich presents shall be brought, such as are fit for kings to bring; even kings themselves, that stand much upon the punctilios of honour and prerogative, shall court the favour of Christ at a great expense. There is that in God's temple, that beauty and benefit in the service of God and in communion with him, and in the gospel of Christ which went forth from Jerusalem, that is enough to invite kings themselves to bring presents to God, to present themselves to him as living sacrifices, and with themselves the best performances. He mentions Egypt and Ethiopia, two countries out of which subjects and suppliants were least to be expected (Psa 68:31): Princes shall come out of Egypt as ambassadors to seek God's favour and submit to him; and they shall be accepted, for the Lord of hosts shall thereupon bless them, saying, Blessed by Egypt my people, Isa 19:25. Even Ethiopia, that had stretched out her hands against God's Israel (Ch2 14:9), should now stretch out her hands unto God, in prayer, in presents, and to take hold on him, and that soon. Agree with thy adversary quickly. Out of all nations some shall be gathered in to Christ and be owned by him.
I think that here none but the apostles can be meant by the rulers of Naphtali. For thence our Lord and Savior called them according to the quotation from Matthew. The Scripture is prophesying the coming of the Word of God to human beings and his incarnate sojourn here, when it says, “Your goings [solemn processions], O God, have been seen,” and that which follows. And the prophets of old were like heralds of his epiphany and arrived before him with proclamation and chant, with music of psaltery and choir and all kinds of spiritual instruments, in the midst of maidens playing on timbrels. For the inspired prophets going in every way into the midst of the Jewish synagogues heralded the coming of the Christ, and by the Holy Spirit they addressed the apostles of our Savior, saying, “Praise the Lord God in the congregations from the fountains of Israel.” And the “fountains of Israel” must be the words delivered to Israel. “For they [the inspired prophets] first trusted the oracles of God,” whence it will be necessary for us to draw and water the churches of Christ. By “maidens playing on timbrels” he suggested the souls that lived in the past by the more external law of Moses, calling them “maidens” because of their youth and imperfectly developed minds and “timbrel players” because of their devotion to external worship.
"The Lord has said, Out of Basan I will be turned" [Psalm 68:22]: or, as some copies have, "Out of Basan I will turn." For He turns that we may be safe, of whom above has been said, "God of our healths, and God of saving men." For to Him elsewhere also is said, "O God of virtues, turn Thou us, and show Your face, and safe we shall be." Also in another place, "Turn us, O God of our healths." But he has said, "Out of Basan I will turn." Basan is interpreted confusion. What is then, I will turn out of confusion, but that there is confounded because of his sins, he that is praying of the mercy of God that they may be put away? Thence it is that the Publican dared not even to lift up his eyes to Heaven: [Luke 18:13] so, on considering himself, was he confounded; but he went down justified, [Luke 18:14] because "the Lord has said, Out of Basan I will turn." Basan is also interpreted drought: and rightly the Lord is understood to turn out of drought, that is, out of scarcity. For they that think themselves to be in plenty, though they be famished; and full, though they be altogether empty; are not turned...."I will turn unto the deep of the sea." If, "I will turn," why, "unto the deep of the sea"? Unto Himself indeed the Lord turns, when savingly He turns, and He is not surely Himself the deep of the sea. Does perchance the Latin expression deceive us, and has there been put "unto the deep," for a translation of what signifies "deeply"? For He does not turn Himself: but He turns those that in the deep of this world lie sunk down with the weight of sins, in that place where one that is turned says, "From the depths I have cried to You, O Lord." But if it is not, "I will turn," but, "I will be turned unto the deep of the sea;" our Lord is understood to have said, how by His own mercy He was turned even unto the deep of the sea, to deliver even those that were sinners in most desperate case. Though in one Greek copy I have found, not, "unto the deep," but "in the depths," that is, ἐ ν βυθοῖς: which strengthens the former sense, because even there God turns to Himself men crying from the depths. And even if He be understood Himself there to be turned, to deliver such sort also, it is not beside the purpose: and so then He turns, or else to deliver them is so turned, that His foot is stained in blood.
Then the people of Israel came to the twelve springs after Marah. We read in the prophet, “Bless the Lord from the springs of Israel.” It is the Christ, who is blessed in no other way than the mouths of the apostles and the teaching of the disciples. The apostles ought to be called “springs,” since they abound in the grace of preaching like purest springs and sprinkle the sweet cup of the sacrament from the abundant wisdom of their veins after the bitterness of the law. Nor is it astonishing if the drink of the springs is sweet, in whose midst the food of the palms is also sweeter. But as for the seventy palm trees planted next to the apostolic springs, I would say that they are those seventy disciples who for the sake of mankind’s salvation are directed by the Lord in a degree second only to the apostles. The evangelist Luke in his description of them asserts that they were appointed two by two. Like palm trees, they returned with exultation after healing people and boasted before the Lord that even the demons were subjected to them. Therefore, they are rightly compared to palms since they emerge as victors over the devil, adorned with the prize of the palms.
“Nonetheless, God shattered the heads of his enemies and of those who walk in their sins through a head of hair.” Lest the evils of the obstinate be thought to be unpunished, he says, “Nonetheless God shattered the heads of his enemies,” so that you would recognizes that punishment also comes upon the treacherous and obstinate. The “heads of the enemies” are indeed the authors of the Jewish rebellion, but also without doubt the teachers of the heretics. For the former persecuted Christ in the flesh, but the latter rage furiously against the very deity (if one can even mention such a blasphemous thing!). Next follows the phrase “of those who walk through a head of hair,” that is, who seek such minutia of pretenses so that they seem to be able to walk through the very heads of hair and scrutinize them thoroughly. This refers to the cunning of empty questions, which abandon matters that would be useful and seek after unnecessary matters in their abominable arguing. And in order to attest to their studies as idle, he adds “in their sins,” because their thinking was foolish, which led them to their faults. Examples are the Manicheans, the Priscilians, the Donatists, the Montanists and others who mix themselves with the stenches of their filthy teaching.
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SUMMARY
Psalm 68:22 is a powerful divine declaration affirming God's absolute sovereignty and unwavering commitment to His people, proclaiming His omnipotent ability to deliver them from any threat, no matter how formidable or seemingly insurmountable. It stands as a profound testament to God's comprehensive saving power, asserting that neither the most elevated dangers nor the deepest abysses of despair are beyond the reach of His redemptive hand.
CONTEXT
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
Psalm 68:22 masterfully employs several literary devices to convey its profound message of comprehensive divine deliverance. Most prominent is Parallelism, specifically a form of antithetical or complementary parallelism, where "from Bashan" and "from the depths of the sea" function as two contrasting yet complementary images of extreme peril. Bashan represents a high, formidable land-based threat, while the depths of the sea represent a low, overwhelming water-based threat. This juxtaposition creates a sense of comprehensive deliverance, emphasizing that no place of danger is beyond God's reach. Metaphor and Symbolism are central, with "Bashan" symbolizing formidable, elevated threats (like powerful enemies or strongholds) and "the depths of the sea" representing overwhelming, chaotic, and potentially fatal dangers (like despair, death, or inescapable entrapment). These are not merely geographical locations but powerful symbols of any seemingly insurmountable obstacle. The use of these extreme images also functions as a form of Merism, where two opposing parts represent the whole, underscoring the boundless nature of God's saving power from every possible direction or condition. Finally, the verse begins with Divine Speech ("The Lord said"), lending absolute authority and certainty to the promise of deliverance, underscoring that this is a direct, authoritative declaration from God Himself.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Psalm 68:22 is a profound theological statement on God's character as the ultimate Deliverer, whose power knows no bounds. It affirms His omnipotence over all creation, including the forces of nature and the might of human adversaries. This verse underscores God's unwavering faithfulness to His covenant people, demonstrating His commitment to rescue and restore them even from the most dire circumstances. It portrays God as the active, intervening deity who hears the cries of His people and acts decisively on their behalf, echoing His historical acts of salvation and providing a bedrock of hope for future deliverance. The imagery of Bashan and the sea encapsulates the full spectrum of human vulnerability and the comprehensive scope of divine salvation, assuring believers that no situation is too difficult for God to redeem and reverse.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
For the contemporary believer, Psalm 68:22 serves as an enduring beacon of hope and a powerful reminder of God's unfailing ability to deliver. In a world fraught with challenges—whether personal struggles, spiritual battles, deep despair, or seemingly inescapable difficulties—this verse encourages us to place our absolute trust in God's mighty hand. It affirms that no situation, no matter how daunting or overwhelming, is beyond His reach or power to redeem. Just as He rescued ancient Israel from the formidable heights of Bashan and the terrifying depths of the sea, so too can He bring us through our own "Bashans" (the strongholds of fear, addiction, oppression, or overwhelming responsibilities) and "depths of the sea" (periods of profound grief, financial ruin, existential crisis, or spiritual barrenness). This psalm calls us to cultivate a faith that believes in God's omnipotence, providing profound comfort and strength in times of adversity, and reminding us that our God is always capable of making a way where there seems to be none, demonstrating His faithfulness to His people across all generations and circumstances.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
What is the significance of "Bashan" in this verse?
Answer: Bashan was a fertile, elevated region east of the Jordan River, known for its strong bulls and formidable inhabitants, including King Og, a giant whose territory Israel conquered. In this verse, "Bashan" symbolizes a high place of danger, a stronghold of powerful enemies, or a place of dispersion among hostile forces. It represents a formidable, overt threat from which God promises to deliver His people, contrasting with the more hidden, overwhelming threat of the "depths of the sea." It signifies God's power to overcome even the most entrenched and imposing adversaries.
How does "depths of the sea" relate to other biblical imagery?
Answer: The "depths of the sea" often symbolizes chaos, overwhelming forces, or even death itself in biblical literature. Its most direct historical parallel in Israel's history is the miraculous deliverance through the Red Sea, where God saved His people from certain destruction by drowning Pharaoh's army (Exodus 14:28). This imagery emphasizes God's ability to rescue from the most extreme, life-threatening, and seemingly inescapable perils, demonstrating His mastery over the forces of chaos and death.
Is this verse a literal prophecy or symbolic language?
Answer: While rooted in historical acts of deliverance (such as the Exodus and the conquest of lands like Bashan), the language in Psalm 68:22 is highly symbolic and poetic. "Bashan" and "the depths of the sea" serve as powerful metaphors for any seemingly insurmountable danger or impossible situation from which God promises to deliver His people. It speaks to both God's past literal interventions and His ongoing commitment to provide spiritual and physical rescue in all circumstances, conveying a universal truth about His comprehensive saving power.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Psalm 68:22, with its powerful imagery of deliverance from the heights of Bashan and the depths of the sea, finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in Jesus Christ. The "Bashan" of humanity's sin, the stronghold of Satan, and the "depths of the sea" representing death and the grave, were all decisively conquered by Christ. He descended into the very abyss of death, not to be overcome, but to bring forth His people from its clutches. His resurrection from the grave (the ultimate "depths of the sea") and His ascension to the right hand of God (the ultimate "Bashan" of divine authority and triumph) signify His complete victory over all spiritual enemies, principalities, and powers (Colossians 2:15). Through His sacrificial death and glorious resurrection, Jesus delivered us from the power of sin and death (Hebrews 2:14-15), bringing us from spiritual death to new and abundant life. He is the true "Lord" who brings His people again from every form of bondage and despair, leading a host of captives in His triumphal procession (Ephesians 4:8), ensuring that death is swallowed up in victory and the sting of the grave is removed for all who believe (1 Corinthians 15:54-57).