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“Assurance in Prayer”· Matthew 7:7–11
Translation
King James Version
Or what man is there of you, whom if his son ask bread, will he give him a stone?
Ask
KJV (with Strong's)
Or G2228 what G5101 man G444 is G2076 there of G1537 you G5216, whom G3739 if G1437 his G846 son G5207 ask G154 bread G740, will he give G3361 G1929 him G846 a stone G3037?
Ask
Complete Jewish Bible
Is there anyone here who, if his son asks him for a loaf of bread, will give him a stone?
Ask
Berean Standard Bible
Which of you, if his son asks for bread, will give him a stone?
Ask
American Standard Version
Or what man is there of you, who, if his son shall ask him for a loaf, will give him a stone;
Ask
World English Bible Messianic
Or who is there among you, who, if his son asks him for bread, will give him a stone?
Ask
Geneva Bible (1599)
For what man is there among you, which if his sonne aske him bread, woulde giue him a stone?
Ask
Young's Literal Translation
`Or what man is of you, of whom, if his son may ask a loaf--a stone will he present to him?
Ask
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In the KJVVerse 23,326 of 31,102 · 75.0%

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Summary

Matthew 7:9, a profound rhetorical question from Jesus' Sermon on the Mount, powerfully illustrates the benevolent nature of God as a loving Father. Following His instruction on persistent prayer, this verse employs a universally relatable human scenario—a father providing for his son—to underscore God's unwavering willingness to give good gifts to those who seek Him, contrasting divine generosity with the inherent goodness found even in imperfect human parents.

Context

Literary Context

This verse is strategically placed within the climactic section of Jesus' Sermon on the Mount, specifically within His teaching on prayer and divine provision (Matthew 6:5-15; 7:7-11). It immediately follows the famous exhortation to "Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you" (Matthew 7:7-8). Matthew 7:9 serves as a compelling, common-sense illustration that grounds the preceding promises in a tangible, human experience. It sets the stage for the even more profound declaration in Matthew 7:11, where Jesus explicitly contrasts the goodness of earthly fathers with the infinitely greater goodness of the Heavenly Father, assuring His disciples of God's desire to give "good things" to those who ask.

Historical & Cultural Context

In ancient Near Eastern culture, bread (ártos, G740) was not merely a food item but the quintessential staple, symbolizing sustenance, life, and daily provision. It was the most basic and essential foodstuff. The idea of a father providing bread for his hungry son would have resonated deeply as a fundamental act of parental love and responsibility. Conversely, a "stone" (líthos, G3037) would be utterly useless and potentially harmful as food, making the contrast stark and absurd. The father-son relationship was also foundational in Jewish society, embodying authority, care, and the transmission of heritage. Jesus leverages this universally understood and cherished bond to convey a profound theological truth about God's character.

Key Themes

Matthew 7:9 contributes significantly to several overarching themes within the Sermon on the Mount and the broader Gospel of Matthew. The primary theme is God's Benevolent Nature, portraying God not as a distant or reluctant deity, but as a loving, generous Father who delights in providing for His children. This fosters Confidence in Prayer, assuring believers that they can approach God with trust, knowing He will not deny their true needs or give them harm. It also highlights Divine Provision, emphasizing God's commitment to meeting the fundamental spiritual and physical necessities of His people, much like bread is a basic need. Finally, the verse underscores the Contrast Between Earthly and Heavenly Fathers, demonstrating that if imperfect human parents possess an innate desire to give good gifts, the perfect and holy Heavenly Father's generosity is incomparably greater, as elaborated in Matthew 7:11.

Exposition and Analysis

Key Word Analysis

ask aitéō' G154

Meaning "to ask (in general case), beg, call for, crave, desire, require." This word implies a direct request or petition, highlighting the active role of the son in seeking provision from his father. In the context of prayer, it signifies a genuine, earnest appeal to God.

give epidídōmi' G1929

Meaning "to give over (by hand or surrender), deliver unto, offer." This term denotes the act of bestowing or handing over something. The rhetorical question emphasizes the absurdity of a father not giving bread but a stone, thereby highlighting the expected and natural act of giving good things.

stone líthos' G3037

Meaning "a stone (literally or figuratively)." In this context, a literal stone is presented as the antithesis of bread. It is inedible, useless, and potentially harmful, serving as a powerful symbol of what a loving father would never provide when asked for sustenance.

Verse Breakdown

"Or what man is there of you,"

This opening phrase introduces a rhetorical question, directly addressing the audience and inviting them to consider a common, relatable human experience. The "Or" (G2228, ) indicates a transition to an illustrative example, building upon the preceding teaching about prayer. The phrase "of you" (G1537, ek G5216, hymōn) makes the question personal and universally applicable to the listeners, drawing on their own experiences as parents or children.

"whom if his son ask bread,"

This clause sets up the specific scenario. The son's request for "bread" (G740, ártos) is crucial, as bread was the most fundamental and necessary food item for survival in that culture. The conditional "if" (G1437, eán) introduces a hypothetical but highly probable situation, emphasizing the natural and legitimate need of the child.

"will he give him a stone?"

This is the core of the rhetorical question, presenting the absurd and unthinkable alternative. The "stone" (G3037, líthos) is the stark opposite of bread—it offers no nourishment, is inedible, and could even be harmful. The implied answer, an emphatic "No!", highlights the inherent goodness and love expected from even an earthly father, thereby preparing the listener for the greater truth about God's character.

Literary Devices

Matthew 7:9 is rich in literary devices that amplify its message. The most prominent is the Rhetorical Question, which Jesus uses not to elicit information but to make a forceful assertion. By posing a question with an obvious, universally accepted answer, He compels His audience to agree with the underlying premise: no loving father would give his child a stone when asked for bread. This device makes the argument self-evident and powerfully persuasive. Closely related is Contrast, specifically between "bread" and "stone." Bread symbolizes life, sustenance, and good provision, while a stone represents uselessness, harm, and denial of need. This stark juxtaposition highlights the absurdity of a father's malicious response. Furthermore, the verse employs Analogy, drawing a parallel between the behavior of an earthly father and the character of God. This human-to-divine analogy, while imperfect (as Matthew 7:11 clarifies that God's goodness is infinitely greater), serves as an accessible entry point for understanding God's benevolent nature.

Theological and Thematic Connections

Matthew 7:9 serves as a foundational statement about God's character, particularly His perfect fatherly love and unwavering commitment to His children's well-being. It refutes any notion of God being a stingy, indifferent, or malicious giver. Instead, it portrays Him as supremely good, eager to provide what is truly beneficial. This theological truth underpins the confidence believers should have in prayer, assuring them that God hears and responds with perfect wisdom and love, always giving what is good, even if not always what is initially requested. The verse encourages a posture of trust and expectation, knowing that our Heavenly Father's generosity far surpasses even the best human instincts.

Reflection and Application

Matthew 7:9 profoundly impacts our understanding of prayer and our relationship with God. It invites us to approach our Heavenly Father with unwavering confidence, shedding any fear that He might withhold good things or, worse, give us something harmful. This verse encourages us to pray boldly and persistently, knowing that God's heart is always inclined towards our good. It challenges us to trust His perfect wisdom, even when His answers differ from our expectations, understanding that His "good gifts" may sometimes be spiritual growth, discipline, or a deeper reliance on Him, rather than immediate material provision. Ultimately, it calls us to rest in the assurance that God is a loving Father who desires to nourish and sustain us in every way, fostering a deeper intimacy and trust in His unfailing care.

Questions for Reflection

  1. How does understanding God as a loving Father, as depicted in this verse, change your approach to prayer?
  2. In what areas of your life do you need to trust God's provision more deeply, even if it doesn't look like what you expect?
  3. How does the contrast between "bread" and "stone" help you discern what is truly good and beneficial in your life?

FAQ

What is the main point of Matthew 7:9?

The main point of Matthew 7:9 is to illustrate God's benevolent character and His unwavering willingness to provide good gifts to those who ask Him in prayer. Jesus uses the analogy of a loving earthly father who would never give his son a harmful stone when asked for essential bread, to emphasize that our Heavenly Father's goodness and generosity are infinitely greater. It reassures believers of God's care and encourages confidence in approaching Him.

How does this verse relate to the broader teaching on prayer in the Sermon on the Mount?

Matthew 7:9 is a pivotal illustration that immediately follows Jesus' call to "Ask, seek, and knock" in Matthew 7:7-8. It provides the logical and emotional foundation for why believers should ask with confidence: because God is a good Father. The verse then leads directly into Matthew 7:11, which explicitly states that if imperfect earthly fathers give good gifts, "how much more will your Father who is in heaven give good things to those who ask him!" It solidifies the theological basis for persistent and trusting prayer.

Christ-Centered Fulfillment

Matthew 7:9, while speaking of God's general benevolence, finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in Jesus Christ. He is the very embodiment of the "good gift" that the Heavenly Father gives. When we "ask for bread," Christ is the true bread of life who satisfies our deepest spiritual hunger, offering eternal sustenance that no earthly provision can match. The contrast between "bread" and "stone" foreshadows Christ as the solid foundation, the chief cornerstone, upon whom true life is built, rather than a useless, harmful stone. Furthermore, Jesus Himself is the perfect revelation of the Father's character, demonstrating God's willingness to give His only Son as the ultimate sacrifice for humanity's greatest need—salvation from sin (John 3:16). Through His life, death, and resurrection, Christ perfectly illustrates the Father's boundless generosity and commitment to providing "good things," ultimately culminating in the gift of the Holy Spirit to those who ask (Luke 11:13). Thus, the rhetorical question about a father's love finds its most glorious answer in the person and work of Christ, the Father's perfect and ultimate gift.

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Public-domain commentary

Matthew Henry

From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Matthew 7:7–11. His four-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.

1662–1714 · 5 verses
Passage under commentMatthew 7:7–11
I. II. Main points1. 2. Sub-points(1.) (2.) Details[1.] [2.] Fine details

Our Saviour, in the foregoing chapter, had spoken of prayer as a commanded duty, by which God is honoured, and which, if done aright, shall be rewarded; here he speaks of it as the appointed means of obtaining what we need, especially grace to obey the precepts he had given, some of which are so displeasing to flesh and blood.

I.Here is a precept in three words to the same purport, Ask, Seek, Knock (Mat 7:7); that is, in one word, "Pray; pray often; pray with sincerity and seriousness; pray, and pray again; make conscience of prayer, and be constant in it; make a business of prayer, and be earnest in it. Ask, as a beggar asks alms." Those that would be rich in grace, must betake themselves to the poor trade of begging, and they shall find it a thriving trade. "Ask; represent your wants and burthens to God, and refer yourselves to him for support and supply, according to his promise. Ask as a traveller asks the way; to pray is to enquire of God, Eze 36:37. Seek, as for a thing of value that we have lost, or as the merchantman that seeks goodly pearls. Seek by prayer, Dan 9:3. Knock, as he that desires to enter into the house knocks at the door." We would be admitted to converse with God, would be taken into his love, and favour, and kingdom; sin has shut and barred the door against us; by prayer, we knock; Lord, Lord, open to us. Christ knocks at our door (Rev 3:20; Sol 5:2); and allows us to knock at his, which is a favour we do not allow to common beggars. Seeking and knocking imply something more than asking and praying.

1.We must not only ask but seek; we must second our prayers with our endeavors; we must, in the use of the appointed means, seek for that which we ask for, else we tempt God. When the dresser of the vineyard asked for a year's respite for the barren fig-tree, he added, I will dig about it, Luk 13:7, Luk 13:8. God gives knowledge and grace to those that search the scriptures, and wait at Wisdom's gates; and power against sin to those that avoid the occasions of it.

2.We must not only ask, but knock; we must come to God's door, must ask importunately; not only pray, but plead and wrestle with God; we must seek diligently; we must continue knocking; must persevere in prayer, and in the use of means; must endure to the end in the duty.

II.Here is a promised annexed:

our labour in prayer, if indeed we do labour in it, shall not be in vain: where God finds a praying heart, he will be found a prayer-hearing God; he shall give thee an answer of peace. The precept is threefold, ask, seek, knock; there is precept upon precept; but the promise is sixfold, line upon line, for our encouragement; because a firm belief of the promise would make us cheerful and constant in our obedience. Now here,

1.The promise is made, and made so as exactly to answer the precept, Mat 7:7. Ask, and it shall be given you; not lent you, not sold you, but given you; and what is more free than gift? Whatever you pray for, according to the promise, whatever you ask, shall be given you, if God see it fit for you, and what would you have more? It is but ask and have; ye have not, because ye ask not, or ask not aright: what is not worth asking, is not worth having, and then it is worth nothing. Seek, and ye shall find, and then you do not lose your labour; God is himself found of those that seek him, and if we find him we have enough. "Knock, and it shall be opened; the door of mercy and grace shall no longer be shut against you as enemies and intruders, but opened to you as friends and children. It will be asked, who is at the door? If you be able to say, a friend, and have the ticket of promise ready to produce in the hand of faith, doubt not of admission. If the door be not opened at the first knock, continue instant in prayer; it is an affront to a friend to knock at his door, and then go away; though he tarry, yet wait."

2.It is repeated, Mat 7:8. It is to the same purport, yet with some addition. (1.) It is made to extend to all that pray aright; "Not only you my disciples shall receive what you pray for, but every one that asketh, receiveth, whether Jew or Gentile, young or old, rich or poor, high or low, master or servant, learned or unlearned, they are all alike welcome to the throne of grace, if they come in faith: for God is no respecter of persons." (2.) It is made so as to amount to a grant, in words of the present tense, which is more than a promise for the future. Every one that asketh, not only shall receive, but receiveth; by faith, applying and appropriating the promise, we are actually interested and invested in the good promised: so sure and inviolable are the promises of God, that they do, in effect, give present possession: an active believer enters immediately, and makes the blessings promised his own. What have we in hope, according to the promise, is as sure, and should be as sweet, as what we have in hand. God hath spoken in his holiness, and then Gilead is mine, Manasseh mine (Psa 108:7, Psa 108:8); it is all mine own, if I can but make it so by believing it so. Conditional grants become absolute upon the performance of the condition; so here, he that asketh, receiveth. Christ hereby puts his fiat to the petition; and he having all power, that is enough.

3.It is illustrated, by a similitude taken from earthly parents, and their innate readiness to give their children what they ask. Christ appeals to his hearers, What man is there of you, though never so morose and ill-humoured, whom if his son ask bread, will he give him a stone? Mat 7:9, Mat 7:10. Whence he infers (Mat 7:11), If ye then, being evil, yet grant your children's requests, much more will your heavenly Father give you the good things you ask. Now this is of use,

(1.)To direct our prayers and expectations.

[1.]We must come to God, as children to a Father in heaven, with reverence and confidence. How naturally does a child in want or distress run to the father with its complaints; My head, my head; thus should the new nature send us to God for supports and supplies.

[2.]We must come to him for good things, for those he gives to them that ask him; which teaches us to refer ourselves to him; we know not what is good for ourselves (Ecc 6:12), but he knows what is good for us, we must therefore leave it with him; Father, thy will be done. The child is here supposed to ask bread, that is necessary, and a fish, that is wholesome; but if the child should foolishly ask for a stone, or a serpent, for unripe fruit to eat, or a sharp knife to play with, the father, though kind, is so wise as to deny him. We often ask that of God which would do us harm if we had it; he knows this, and therefore does not give it to us. Denials in love are better than grants in anger; we should have been undone ere this if we had had all we desired; this is admirably well expressed by a heathen, Juvenal, Sat. 10.

Permittes ipsis expendere numinibus, quid

Conveniat nobis, rebusque sit utile nostris,

Nam pro jucundis aptissima quaeque dabunt dii.

Carior est illis homo, quam sibi: nos animorum

Impulsu, et caeca, magnaque cupidine ducti,

Conjugium petimus, partumque uxoris; at illis

Notum est, qui pueri, qualisque futura sit uxor.

Entrust thy fortune to the powers above.

Leave them to manage for thee, and to grant

What their unerring wisdom sees thee want:

In goodness, as in greatness, they excel;

Ah, that we lov'd ourselves but half so well!

We, blindly by our headstrong passions led,

Seek a companion, and desire to wed;

Then wish for heirs: but to the gods alone

Our future offspring and our wives are known.

(2.)To encourage our prayers and expectations. We may hope that we shall not be denied and disappointed: we shall not have a stone for bread, to break our teeth (though we have a hard crust to employ our teeth), nor a serpent for a fish, to sting us; we have reason indeed to fear it, because we deserve it, but God will be better to us than the desert of our sins. The world often gives stones for bread, and serpents for fish, but God never does; nay, we shall be heard and answered, for children are by their parents.

[1.]God has put into the hearts of parents a compassionate inclination to succour and supply their children, according to their need. Even those that have had little conscience of duty, yet have done it, as it were by instinct. No law was ever thought necessary to oblige parents to maintain their legitimate children, nor, in Solomon's time, their illegitimate ones.

[2.]He has assumed the relation of a Father to us, and owns us for his children; that from the readiness we find in ourselves to relieve our children, we may be encouraged to apply ourselves to him for relief. What love and tenderness fathers have are from him; not from nature but from the God of nature; and therefore they must needs be infinitely greater in himself. He compares his concern for his people to that of a father for his children (Psa 103:13), nay, to that of a mother, which is usually more tender, Isa 66:13; Isa 49:14, Isa 49:15. But here it is supposed, that his love, and tenderness, and goodness, far excel that of any earthly parent; and therefore it is argued with a much more, and it is grounded upon this undoubted truth, that God is a better Father, infinitely better than any earthly parents are; his thoughts are above theirs. Our earthly fathers have taken care of us; we have taken care of our children; much more will God take care of his; for they are evil, originally so; the degenerate seed of fallen Adam; they have lost much of the good nature that belonged to humanity, and among other corruptions, have that of crossness and unkindness in them; yet they give good things to their children, and they know how to give, suitably and seasonably; much more will God, for he takes up when they forsake, Psa 27:10. And, First, God is more knowing; parents are often foolishly fond, but God is wise, infinitely so; he knows what we need, what we desire, and what is fit for us. Secondly, God is more kind. If all the compassions of all the tender fathers in the world were crowded into the bowels of one, yet compared with the tender mercies of our God, they would be but as a candle to the sun, or a drop to the ocean. God is more rich, and more ready to give to his children than the fathers of our flesh can be; for he is the Father of our spirits, an ever-loving, ever-living Father. The bowels of Fathers yearn even towards undutiful children, towards prodigals, as David's toward Absalom, and will not all this serve to silence disbelief?

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Historical interpretation

Eleven Centuries of Reception

9 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.

9 quotes · AD 220–1274
Ante-NicenePost-NiceneEarly MedievalMedieval
2003004005006007008009001000110012001300

Select a marker to jump to its quote. Markers stagger vertically where authors wrote within a few decades of each other.

AD 220TertullianAnte-NiceneSourceOn Prayer
And so, in petitioning for "daily bread," we ask for perpetuity in Christ, and indivisibility from His body. But, because that word is admissible in a carnal sense too, it cannot be so used without the religious remembrance withal of spiritual Discipline; for (the Lord) commands that bread be prayed for, which is the only food necessary for believers; for "all other things the nations seek after." The like lesson He both inculcates by examples, and repeatedly handles in parables, when He says, "Doth a father take away bread from his children, and hand it to dogs? " and again, "Doth a father give his son a stone when he asks for bread? " For He thus shows what it is that sons expect from their father. Nay, even that nocturnal knocker knocked for "bread." Moreover, He Justly added, "Give us this day," seeing He had previously said, "Take no careful thought about the morrow, what ye are to eat." To which subject He also adapted the parable of the man who pondered on an enlargement of his barns for his forthcoming fruits, and on seasons of prolonged security; but that very night he dies.
AD 407John Chrysostomas quoted by Aquinas, AD 1274Post-NiceneSourceCatena Aurea by Aquinas
There are two things behoveful for one that prays; that he ask earnestly; and that he ask such things as he ought to ask. And those are spiritual things; as Solomon, because he asked such things as were right, received speedily.

This He said not detracting from human nature, nor confessing the whole human race to be evil; but He calls paternal love evil when compared with His own goodness. Such is the superabundance of His love towards men.
And if thou doubt my affirmation, at any rate believe His example.

"For what man is there of you," saith He, "whom if his son ask bread, will he give him a stone?"

Because, as among men, if thou keep on doing so, thou art even accounted troublesome, and disgusting: so with God, when thou doest not so, then thou dost more entirely provoke Him. And if thou continue asking, though thou receive not at once, thou surely wilt receive. For to this end was the door shut, that He may induce thee to knock: to this end He doth not straightway assent, that thou mayest ask. Continue then to do these things, and thou wilt surely receive. For that thou mightest not say, "What then if I should ask and not receive?" He hath blocked up thy approach with that similitude, again framing arguments, and by those human things urging us to be confident on these matters; implying by them that we must not only ask, but ask what we ought.

"For which of you is there, a father, of whom if his son shall ask bread, will he give him a stone?" So that if thou receive not, thy asking a stone is the cause of thy not receiving. For though thou be a son, this suffices not for thy receiving: rather this very thing even hinders thy receiving, that being a son, thou askest what is not profitable.

Do thou also therefore ask nothing worldly, but all things spiritual, and thou wilt surely receive. For so Solomon, because he asked what he ought, behold how quickly he received. Two things now, you see, should be in him that prays, asking earnestly, and asking what he ought: "since ye too," saith He, "though ye be fathers, wait for your sons to ask: and if they should ask of you anything inexpedient, ye refuse the gifts; just as, if it be expedient, ye consent and bestow it." Do thou too, considering these things, not withdraw until thou receive; until thou have found, retire not; relax not thy diligence, until the door be opened. For if thou approach with this mind, and say, "Except I receive, I depart not;" thou wilt surely receive, provided thou ask such things, as are both suitable for Him of whom thou askest to give, and expedient for thee the petitioner. But what are these? To seek the things spiritual, all of them; to forgive them that have trespassed, and so to draw nigh asking forgiveness; "to lift up holy hands without wrath and doubting." If we thus ask, we shall receive. As it is, surely our asking is a mockery, and the act of drunken rather than of sober men.

"What then," saith one, "if I ask even spiritual things, and do not receive?" Thou didst not surely knock with earnestness; or thou madest thyself unworthy to receive; or didst quickly leave off.

"And wherefore," it may be inquired, "did He not say, what things we ought to ask"? Nay verily, He hath mentioned them all in what precedes, and hath signified for what things we ought to draw nigh. Say not then, "I drew nigh, and did not receive." For in no case is it owing to God that we receive not, God who loves us so much as to surpass even fathers, to surpass them as far as goodness doth this evil nature.

"For if ye, being evil, know how to give good gifts unto your children, how much more your heavenly Father."

Now this He said, not to bring an evil name on man's nature, nor to condemn our race as bad; but in contrast to His own goodness He calls paternal tenderness evil, so great is the excess of His love to man.

Seest thou an argument unspeakable, of power to arouse to good hopes even him that hath become utterly desperate?
AD 420Jeromeas quoted by Aquinas, AD 1274Post-NiceneSourceCatena Aurea by Aquinas
Or perhaps he called the Apostles evil, in their person condemning the whole human race, whose heart is set to evil from his infancy, as we read in Genesis. Nor is it any wonder that He should call this generation evil, (Gen. 8:22.) as the Apostle also speaks, Seeing the days are evil.
AD 420JeromePost-NiceneSourceCommentary on Matthew
(Verse 7 and following) Ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you. For everyone who asks receives, and he who seeks finds, and to him who knocks it will be opened. Or what man is there among you, if his son asks him for bread, will give him a stone? Or if he asks for a fish, will give him a serpent? He shows what we should seek, who had forbidden earthly things to be asked for. If it is given to the one who asks, and the one who seeks finds, and to the one who knocks it is opened, then it is clear that the one who has not been given, and the one who has not found, and the one to whom it has not been opened, has not asked, sought, and knocked properly. Let us therefore knock at the door of Christ, of which it is said: This is the gate of the Lord, the just shall enter into it (Ps. CXVII, 20); so that when we have entered, the hidden and dark treasures may be revealed to us in Christ Jesus, in whom is all knowledge (Coloss. II).
AD 500Pseudo-Chrysostomas quoted by Aquinas, AD 1274Post-NiceneSourceCatena Aurea by Aquinas
Lest perchance any one considering how great is the difference between God and man, and weighing his own sins should despair of obtaining, and so never take in hand to ask; therefore He proposes a comparison of the relation between father and son; that should we despair because of our sins, we may hope because of God's fatherly goodness.

And what are the things that we ought to ask, he shows under the likeness of a loaf, and a fish. The loaf is the word concerning the knowledge of God the Father. The stone is all falsehood that has a stumbling-block of offence to the soul.

Because in comparison of God who is preeminently good, all men seem to be evil, as all light shows dark when compared with the sun.

He says good things, because God does not give all things to them that ask Him, but only good things.
AD 533Remigius of Rheimsas quoted by Aquinas, AD 1274Post-NiceneSourceCatena Aurea by Aquinas
By the fish we may understand the word concerning Christ, by the serpent the Devil himself. Or by the loaf may be understood spiritual doctrine; by the stone ignorance; by the fish the water of Holy Baptism; by the serpent the wiles of the Devil, or unbelief.

The sense therefore is; we need not fear that should we ask of God our Father bread, that is doctrine or love, He will give us a stone; that is, that He will suffer our heart to be contracted either by the frost of hatred or by hardness of soul; or that when we ask for faith, He will suffer us to die of the poison of unbelief. Thence it follows, If then ye being evil.

And be it known that where Matthew says, He shall give good things, Luke has, shall give his Holy Spirit. (Luke 11:13.) But this ought not to seem contrary, because all the good things which man receives from God, are given by the grace of the Holy Spirit.
AD 856Rabanus Maurusas quoted by Aquinas, AD 1274Early MedievalSourceCatena Aurea by Aquinas
Or; bread which is the common food signifies charity, without which the other virtues are of no avail. The fish signifies faith, which is born of the water of baptism, is tossed in the midst of the waves of this life and yet lives. Luke adds a third thing, an egg, (Luke 11:12.) which signifies hope; for an egg is the hope of the animal. To charity, He opposes a stone, that is, the hardness of hatred; to faith, a serpent, that is, the venom of treachery; to hope, a scorpion, that is, despair, which stings backward, as the scorpion.
AD 1274Glossa Ordinariaas quoted by Aquinas, AD 1274MedievalSourceCatena Aurea by Aquinas
(ord.) For from God we receive only such things as are good, of what kind soever they may seem to us when we receive them; for all things work together for good to His beloved.
Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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