Joshua 15:9

KJV

And the border was drawn from the top of the hill unto the fountain of the water of Nephtoah, and went out to the cities of mount Ephron; and the border was drawn to Baalah, which [is] Kirjathjearim:

KJV (with Strong's)

And the border {H1366} was drawn {H8388} from the top {H7218} of the hill {H2022} unto the fountain {H4599} of the water {H4325} of Nephtoah {H5318}, and went out {H3318} to the cities {H5892} of mount {H2022} Ephron {H6085}; and the border {H1366} was drawn {H8388} to Baalah {H1173}, which is Kirjathjearim {H7157}:

Complete Jewish Bible

From this hilltop the border was drawn to the source of the Neftoach Spring and continued out to the cities of Mount 'Efron; next the border was drawn to Ba'alah (that is, Kiryat-Ye'arim).

Berean Standard Bible

From the hilltop the border curved to the spring of the Waters of Nephtoah, proceeded to the cities of Mount Ephron, and then bent around toward Baalah (that is, Kiriath-jearim).

American Standard Version

and the border extended from the top of the mountain unto the fountain of the waters of Nephtoah, and went out to the cities of mount Ephron; and the border extended to Baalah (the same is Kiriath-jearim);

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Joshua 15:9 meticulously delineates a segment of the northern border of the tribal land allocated to Judah, tracing its path from a specific hill to the fountain of Nephtoah, then past the cities of Mount Ephron, and finally to Baalah, also known as Kirjath-jearim. This precise geographical description underscores God's unwavering faithfulness in fulfilling His ancient covenant promises to Israel by providing them with a tangible, defined inheritance in the Promised Land, establishing order and identity for the largest of the tribes.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Joshua 15 is a detailed topographical and geographical account of the land allotted to the tribe of Judah, following the general instructions for land division given in [Joshua 14](/joshua/14 "Joshua 14 - Land Allotment Instructions"). The book of Joshua transitions from the conquest narratives (chapters 1-12) to the distribution of the land among the twelve tribes (chapters 13-21). As the largest and most prominent tribe, Judah's inheritance is described with particular thoroughness, encompassing its southern, eastern, northern, and western boundaries, along with a comprehensive list of its cities. Verse 9 is part of the description of Judah's northern border, a critical dividing line between Judah and Benjamin, ensuring clarity and preventing future territorial disputes. The meticulous detail in these chapters, including seemingly obscure landmarks, emphasizes the tangible reality of God's promise being fulfilled, not merely in general terms but down to specific geographical points.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The division of land was a foundational act for the nascent Israelite nation, transitioning them from a nomadic, conquering force to a settled, agricultural society. Land ownership was central to identity, economic stability, and social structure in ancient Israel. It was tied directly to the covenant, as the land was a divine gift, an inheritance from Yahweh. The process of division by lot, as seen in [Joshua 14:2](/joshua/14-2 "Joshua 14:2 - Division of Land by Lot"), underscored God's sovereignty in the distribution. Precise boundary markers, often natural features like hills, valleys, and water sources, were crucial in an age before maps, serving as legal definitions of property and tribal jurisdiction. The identification of cities within these boundaries further solidified the Israelite presence and control over the conquered territory, establishing a new order under God's law.
* **Key Themes:** Joshua 15:9 contributes significantly to several overarching themes in the book of Joshua and the broader Old Testament narrative. Firstly, it powerfully illustrates **Divine Faithfulness and Covenant Fulfillment**. The detailed description of the land's boundaries is a tangible testament to God keeping the promise He made to Abraham centuries earlier, that his descendants would inherit the land of Canaan (e.g., [Genesis 12:7](/genesis/12-7 "Genesis 12:7 - God's Promise to Abraham")). Secondly, it highlights **Order and Inheritance**. The systematic and meticulous division of the land reflects God's desire for order, justice, and clarity within His people. Each tribe, clan, and family was to receive a defined inheritance, emphasizing stewardship and belonging within the community of Israel. This also speaks to the theme of **Possession**, as the Israelites were now physically taking hold of what God had given them, moving from promise to reality. Finally, the **Geographical Specificity** underscores the historical veracity and concrete nature of these events; these were not abstract concepts but real territories that the Israelites were now inhabiting and possessing, solidifying their national identity rooted in the land.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Nephtoah (Hebrew, _Nephtoach'_):** The name נֶפְתּוֹחַ (Nephtoach) is derived from a root meaning "to open" or "to spring forth." Thus, "fountain of the water of Nephtoah" literally refers to a "spring" or "opening" of water. In an arid region like ancient Canaan, a reliable water source was an invaluable and prominent landmark, often forming a natural and unmistakable boundary marker. Its inclusion here highlights the precision of the boundary description and the practical importance of such features for survival and settlement.
* **Baalah (Hebrew, _Ba'alah'_); Kirjath-jearim (Hebrew, _Qiryath Ye'arim'_):** Baalah (בַּעֲלָה) means "mistress" or "possessor," a common place name. The text immediately clarifies its identity by stating "which is Kirjathjearim" (קִרְיַת יְעָרִים). Kirjath-jearim means "city of forests" or "city of woods," indicating a region with significant tree cover, likely a notable feature in the landscape. This dual naming was common in ancient times to ensure clarity and confirm the location, especially when a place might have multiple names or be confused with others. Kirjath-jearim later gained significant historical importance as the place where the Ark of the Covenant resided for many years (approximately 20 years) after its return from the Philistines, before King David moved it to Jerusalem (cf. [1 Samuel 7:1](/1_samuel/7-1 "1 Samuel 7:1 - The Ark at Kirjath-jearim") and [2 Samuel 6:2](/2_samuel/6-2 "2 Samuel 6:2 - David Moves the Ark")). Its mention here as a boundary marker underscores its established and recognized status even at this early stage of Israelite settlement.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And the border was drawn from the top of the hill unto the fountain of the water of Nephtoah":** This clause establishes the starting point and initial segment of Judah's northern boundary. The "top of the hill" indicates a prominent elevation, a natural and easily identifiable landmark. From this vantage point, the border descended or extended to a vital water source, the "fountain of the water of Nephtoah," emphasizing the practical and topographical nature of these ancient demarcations. This segment likely formed a natural line between two distinct geographical features.
* **"and went out to the cities of mount Ephron":** Continuing from the fountain of Nephtoah, the border then extended towards or encompassed the settlements located on "mount Ephron." This indicates that the boundary did not necessarily follow a single, continuous natural feature but might have skirted or included specific populated areas. "Mount Ephron" refers to a hilly region, suggesting that the border traversed a challenging, elevated terrain, incorporating strategic points and existing communities into Judah's territory.
* **"and the border was drawn to Baalah, which [is] Kirjathjearim":** The final segment described in this verse brings the border to a significant city, "Baalah," which is explicitly identified as "Kirjathjearim." This city served as a clear and recognized endpoint for this particular stretch of the boundary. The repetition of "the border was drawn" reinforces the deliberate and authoritative nature of this land division, ensuring no ambiguity regarding the precise limits of Judah's inheritance. Kirjath-jearim's later historical prominence further highlights its strategic importance even at the time of the land allocation.

#### Literary Devices
The primary literary device employed in Joshua 15:9 is **Geographical Precision**. The text meticulously lists specific natural landmarks (hill, fountain of Nephtoah) and settlements (cities of Mount Ephron, Baalah/Kirjath-jearim) to define the boundary. This detailed topographical description serves to emphasize the tangible and concrete nature of God's fulfillment of His promises, demonstrating that the inheritance was a real, physical territory. The **Repetition** of the phrase "the border was drawn" (or similar phrasing throughout Joshua 15) reinforces the authoritative, deliberate, and divinely sanctioned nature of the land division. It highlights the thoroughness with which the land was allocated, leaving no room for doubt or future dispute. This meticulous **Topographical Description** also functions as a form of legal document, providing a permanent record of the tribal boundaries, essential for the identity and administration of the newly settled nation.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Joshua 15:9, though seemingly a dry list of geographical points, is deeply imbued with theological significance. It speaks volumes about God's meticulous faithfulness and the tangible reality of His covenant promises. The precise delineation of Judah's inheritance underscores that God's word is not abstract but concrete, fulfilling centuries-old promises to Abraham and his descendants. This detailed boundary setting reflects God's desire for order, justice, and clarity among His people, ensuring that each tribe knew its identity and sphere of responsibility. It also highlights the theme of divine provision, as God supernaturally led His people into this land and then meticulously divided it for their dwelling. The land itself became a visible sign of God's presence and His ongoing relationship with Israel, a place where they could live out their covenant obligations and experience His blessing.

* [Genesis 12:7](/genesis/12-7 "Genesis 12:7 - God's Promise of Land to Abraham")
* [Deuteronomy 1:8](/deuteronomy/1-8 "Deuteronomy 1:8 - The Lord Has Set the Land Before You")
* [Psalm 78:55](/psalm/78-55 "Psalm 78:55 - God Divided Their Inheritance")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
While Joshua 15:9 describes ancient land boundaries, its underlying principles offer profound spiritual lessons for believers today. Just as God meticulously delineated the physical inheritance for Judah, He also provides a spiritual inheritance for us in Christ. This verse reminds us of God's unwavering commitment to His promises, even to the smallest details, assuring us that He is a God of order who meticulously works out His plans in our lives. It encourages us to trust in His faithfulness, knowing that He has prepared a place and purpose for us. Furthermore, the concept of boundaries, though physical in the text, translates to spiritual and personal boundaries in our lives. These boundaries, whether in relationships, time, or spiritual disciplines, provide clarity, protection, and a sense of identity and belonging within the community of faith. They help us understand our sphere of influence and responsibility, fostering good stewardship of what God has entrusted to us.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does the meticulous detail of God's provision for Judah's land inheritance encourage your trust in His faithfulness in the specific details of your own life?**
* **What "boundaries" – whether spiritual, emotional, or relational – has God established for your good, and how do you honor them?**
* **In what ways do you see your "spiritual inheritance" in Christ as a tangible reality, much like Judah's physical land?**
* **How does understanding God as a God of order, as demonstrated in the land division, influence your approach to personal discipline and stewardship?**

### FAQ
**Why is the Bible so detailed about these geographical boundaries?**

Answer: The meticulous detail in passages like Joshua 15:9 serves several crucial purposes. Firstly, it underscores the **fulfillment of God's covenant promises**. For centuries, God had promised Abraham and his descendants the land of Canaan (e.g., [Genesis 15:18](/genesis/15-18 "Genesis 15:18 - God's Covenant with Abraham Regarding the Land")). These detailed descriptions prove that God was faithful to His word, providing a tangible, physical inheritance. Secondly, they served as **legal and administrative documents**. In an age without modern maps, precise geographical markers were essential for defining tribal identity, property rights, and preventing disputes among the tribes. They established clear spheres of influence and responsibility. Finally, the detail emphasizes the **historical veracity** of the events, grounding the narrative in real places and demonstrating the concrete reality of God's work in history, not merely abstract concepts.

**What is the significance of "Nephtoah" and "Kirjath-jearim" being mentioned?**

Answer: The inclusion of specific landmarks like "Nephtoah" and "Kirjath-jearim" highlights the practical and historical authenticity of the land division. "Nephtoah" (meaning "opening" or "spring") points to a vital water source, which would have been an unmistakable and crucial landmark in the arid region, serving as a natural boundary point. "Kirjath-jearim" (meaning "city of forests") was a significant settlement. Its explicit identification as "Baalah" (its alternative name) demonstrates the care taken to avoid ambiguity. Moreover, Kirjath-jearim gained considerable later historical importance as the place where the Ark of the Covenant resided for many years (e.g., [1 Samuel 7:1](/1_samuel/7-1 "1 Samuel 7:1 - The Ark at Kirjath-jearim")) before David moved it to Jerusalem. Its mention here establishes its long-standing recognition and importance in the region, even at the time of the land allocation.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While Joshua 15:9 describes a physical inheritance in the Promised Land, it powerfully foreshadows the spiritual inheritance and fulfillment found in Jesus Christ. The meticulous division of land for Judah, guaranteeing their place and identity, points to God's ultimate provision for His people in the New Covenant. In Christ, believers receive an "inheritance that is imperishable, undefiled, and unfading, kept in heaven for you" ([1 Peter 1:4](/1_peter/1-4 "1 Peter 1:4 - An Imperishable Inheritance")). Just as the Israelites entered a physical land, believers enter into a spiritual reality, a new covenant relationship with God through Jesus, who is the true "Promised Land" and the ultimate fulfillment of all God's promises ([2 Corinthians 1:20](/2_corinthians/1-20 "2 Corinthians 1:20 - All God's Promises are Yes in Christ")). Our identity is no longer defined by tribal boundaries or earthly territories, but by our union with Christ, making us "fellow citizens with the saints and members of the household of God" ([Ephesians 2:19](/ephesians/2-19 "Ephesians 2:19 - Fellow Citizens with the Saints")). He is our true dwelling place, our secure possession, and the one in whom all the detailed promises of God find their "Yes" and "Amen," leading us to an eternal rest and an everlasting inheritance in the new heavens and new earth ([Hebrews 4:9-11](/hebrews/4-9 "Hebrews 4:9-11 - The Sabbath Rest for the People of God"); [Revelation 21:1-4](/revelation/21-1 "Revelation 21:1-4 - The New Heaven and New Earth")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

1 Chronicles 13:6

And David went up, and all Israel, to Baalah, [that is], to Kirjathjearim, which [belonged] to Judah, to bring up thence the ark of God the LORD, that dwelleth [between] the cherubims, whose name is called [on it].

Joshua 18:15

And the south quarter [was] from the end of Kirjathjearim, and the border went out on the west, and went out to the well of waters of Nephtoah:

Judges 18:12

And they went up, and pitched in Kirjathjearim, in Judah: wherefore they called that place Mahanehdan unto this day: behold, [it is] behind Kirjathjearim.

Joshua 9:17

And the children of Israel journeyed, and came unto their cities on the third day. Now their cities [were] Gibeon, and Chephirah, and Beeroth, and Kirjathjearim.

2 Samuel 6:2

And David arose, and went with all the people that [were] with him from Baale of Judah, to bring up from thence the ark of God, whose name is called by the name of the LORD of hosts that dwelleth [between] the cherubims.