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Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Job 29:1–6. His two-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.
Losers may have leave to speak, and there is nothing they speak of more feelingly than of the comforts they are stripped of. Their former prosperity is one of the most pleasing subjects of their thoughts and talk. It was so to Job, who begins here with a wish (Job 29:2): O that I were as in months past! so he brings in this account of his prosperity. His wish is, 1. "O that I were in as good a state as I was in then, that I had as much wealth, honour, and pleasure, as I had then!" This he wishes, from a concern he had, not so much for his ease, as for his reputation and the glory of his God, which he thought were eclipsed by his present sufferings. "O that I might be restored to my prosperity, and then the censures and reproaches of my friends would be effectually silenced, even upon their own principles, and for ever rolled away!" If this be our end in desiring life, health, and prosperity, that God may be glorified, and the credit of our holy profession rescued, preserved, and advanced, the desire is not only natural, but spiritual. 2. "O that I were in as good a frame of spirit as I was in then!" That which Job complained most of now was a load upon his spirits, through God's withdrawing from him; and therefore he wishes he now had his spirit as much enlarged and encouraged in the service of God as he had then and that he had as much freedom and fellowship with him as then thought himself happy in. This was in the days of his youth (Job 29:4), when he was in the prime of his time for the enjoyment of those things and could relish them with the highest gust. Note, Those that prosper in the days of their youth know not what black and cloudy days they are yet reserved for. Two things made the months past pleasant to Job: -
I.That he had comfort in his God.
This was the chief thing he rejoiced in, in his prosperity, as the spring of it and the sweetness of it, that he had the favour of God and the tokens of that favour. He did not attribute his prosperity to a happy turn of fortune, nor to his own might, nor to the power of his own hand, but makes the same acknowledgment that David does. Psa 30:7, Thou, by thy favour, hast made my mountain stand strong. A gracious soul delights in God's smiles, not in the smiles of this world. Four things were then very pleasant to holy Job: - 1. The confidence he had in the divine protection. They were the days when God preserved me, Job 29:2. Even then he saw himself exposed, and did not make his wealth his strong city nor trust in the abundance of his riches, but the name of the Lord was his strong tower; in that only he thought himself safe, and to that he ascribed it that he was then safe and that his comforts were preserved to him. The devil saw a hedge about him of God's making (Job 1:10), and Job saw it himself, and owned it was God's visitation that preserved his spirit, Job 10:12. Those only whom God protects are safe and may be easy; and therefore those who have ever so much of this world must not think themselves safe unless God preserve them. 2. The complacency he had in the divine favour (Job 29:3): God's candle shone upon his head, that is, God lifted up the light of his countenance upon him, gave him the assurances and sweet relishes of his love. The best of the communications of the divine favour to the saints in this world is but the candle-light, compared with what is reserved for them in the future state. But such abundant satisfaction did Job take in the divine favour that, by the light of that, he walked through darkness; that guided him in his doubts, comforted him in his griefs, bore him up under his burdens, and helped him through all his difficulties. Those that have the brightest sun-shine of outward prosperity must yet expect some moments of darkness. They are sometimes crossed, sometimes at a loss, sometimes melancholy. But those that are interested in the favour of God, and know how to value it, can, by the light of that, walk cheerfully and comfortably through all the darkness of this vale of tears. That puts gladness into the heart enough to counterbalance all the grievances of this present time. 3. The communion he had with the divine word (Job 29:4): The secret of God was upon my tabernacle, that is, God conversed freely with him, as one bosom-friend with another. He knew God's mind, and was not in the dark about it, as, of late, he had been. The secret of the Lord is said to be with those that fear him, for he shows them that in his covenant which others see not, Psa 25:14. God communicates his favour and grace to his people, and receives the return of their devotion in a way secret to the world. Some read it, When the society of God was in my tabernacle, which Rabbi Solomon understands of an assembly of God's people that used to meet at Job's house for religious worship, in which he presided; this he took a great deal of pleasure in, and the scattering of it was a trouble to him. Or it may be understood of the angels of God pitching their tents about his habitation. 4. The assurance he had of the divine presence (Job 29:5): The Almighty was yet with me. Now he thought God had departed from him, but in those days he was with him, and that was all in all to him. God's presence with a man in his house, though it be but a cottage, makes it both a castle and a palace.
II.That he had comfort in his family.
Every thing was agreeable there: he had both mouths for his meat and meat for his mouths; the want of either is a great affliction.
1.He had a numerous offspring to enjoy his estate: My children were about me. He had many children, enough to compass him round, and they were observant of him and obsequious to him; they were about him, to know what he would have and wherein they might serve him. It is a comfort to tender parents to see their children about them. Job speaks very feelingly of this comfort now that he was deprived of it. He thought it an instance of God's being with him that his children were about him; and yet reckon amiss if, when we have lost our children, we cannot comfort ourselves with this, that we have not lost our God.
2.He had a plentiful estate for the support of this numerous family, Job 29:6. His dairy abounded to such a degree that he might, if he pleased, wash his steps with butter; and his olive-yards were so fruitful, beyond expectation, that it seemed as if the rock poured him out rivers of oil. He reckons his wealth, not by his silver and gold, which were for hoarding, but by his butter and oil, which were for use; for what is an estate good for unless we take the good of it ourselves and do good with it to others?
Historical interpretation
Two Centuries of Reception
2 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.
Select a marker to jump to its quote. Markers stagger vertically where authors wrote within a few decades of each other.
What do the words “he adds at the beginning of his speech” mean? It is not that he completes his speeches, but he comes back to his starting point, without allowing his adversaries to interrupt him or to begin new arguments. What does he say? I would like to live one month of my old happiness in order to shut your mouth and to show you who I was.“One month comparable to a month of my past days.” He calls for nothing extraordinary, only to live his past happiness for thirty days and to enjoy that prosperity with which nobody can provide him anymore. Then he describes it through his words. In fact, since it was impossible now [to live his past happiness], he shows it through his words and says what he did and how he lived before. See the piety of the man: he attributes everything to God. In fact, it is impossible that a person deprived of divine help may ever stand.
17. For Holy Church being borne down with sorrows is to say many like things. For it shall be for her to be besieged with such great tribulations, as with great sighing to long for these times, which we undergo with great sorrow. So then let her say, let her say in the voice of blessed Job, Who would give me that I might be as in the months past? For because an appointed number of days has the name of ‘months,’ what else does he signify by the title of months, but the gatherings of souls? For days, while they are gathered in months, are removed away, because in this time as well Holy Church, while she gathers in souls shining bright with the light of truth, hides them in the interior depths. Sometimes also a month is put for perfection, as when the Prophet says, It shall be a month from a month; [Is. 66, 23] i.e. perfection in rest to those, to whom there may now be perfection in practice. So let her remember her perfection of old, let her bring back to mind with what preaching of hers, by souls gathered in, she carried off her gains, and being straitened by tribulations, let her say, Who would give me that might be as in the months of old? In which same months, who and what he was, he subjoins in telling over.
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Summary
Job 29:2 opens Job's final, poignant monologue, articulating a profound and heartfelt yearning for a return to his past life, a time when he experienced tangible divine favor, protection, and abundant prosperity. It is a deeply emotional lament for a bygone era, starkly contrasting his former blessed state with his current inexplicable suffering and perceived abandonment, thereby highlighting his deep sense of loss and an intense longing for the manifest presence and safeguarding hand of God.
Context
Literary Context
Job 29 marks the commencement of Job's final, extended monologue (chapters 29-31), which serves as his ultimate defense and passionate appeal before God's direct intervention from the whirlwind in Job 38:1. This chapter is a deeply nostalgic reflection, where Job vividly recounts his former glory, honor, and the abundant blessings he enjoyed, setting a stark contrast with his present state of utter desolation, physical agony (as described in Job 2:7), and social ostracism. It follows the exhaustive and often circular debates with his three friends and precedes Elihu's speeches, reinforcing Job's unwavering assertion of his righteousness and his desperate desire for an explanation or vindication from God. The entire monologue functions as Job's ultimate plea for divine justice and understanding, rooted in his memory of God's past goodness.
Historical & Cultural Context
The Book of Job is set in the ancient Near East (ANE), portraying Job as a wealthy patriarch from the land of Uz, a figure of exemplary piety and immense prosperity, as detailed in Job 1:3. In this cultural milieu, a person's status, honor, and overall well-being were often seen as direct indicators of divine favor, and conversely, suffering was commonly attributed to sin or divine displeasure. The concept of divine "preservation" (protection, blessing, and provision) was deeply intertwined with the prevailing retribution theology, which posited a direct correlation between one's moral conduct and one's earthly fortune. Job's experience profoundly challenges these cultural assumptions, as his suffering is not a consequence of his sin but a test of his faith. His lament reflects the cultural expectation that God's favor should manifest in tangible blessings, making his current inexplicable adversity a source of profound bewilderment and sorrow.
Key Themes
This verse, and Job's subsequent monologue, contributes significantly to several overarching themes within the book of Job and broader biblical theology. It powerfully underscores the Problem of Suffering, directly confronting the simplistic retribution theology prevalent in the ANE and vigorously advocated by Job's friends, which posits that righteousness invariably leads to blessing and wickedness to suffering. Job's experience challenges this framework, presenting suffering that is unmerited and inexplicable from a human perspective. Furthermore, the verse highlights Divine Providence and Sovereignty, as Job explicitly attributes his past blessings to God's active care ("God preserved me"), demonstrating his acknowledgment of God's ultimate control, even when His actions are inscrutable. The theme of Nostalgia and Loss is powerfully conveyed, encapsulating the universal human experience of grieving lost blessings and yearning for a return to perceived better times. Lastly, Job's lament exemplifies Human Lament and Questioning, demonstrating that expressing profound sorrow, confusion, and even questioning God's actions, within a framework of continued faith, is a legitimate and often necessary response to profound adversity, as seen throughout the Psalms (e.g., Psalm 13).
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
This word, typically meaning "to give" (H5414), is used here idiomatically in the sense of "Oh that" or "would to God." It conveys a strong, fervent wish or an earnest, even desperate, longing for a past state. It is not a casual desire but a profound cry from the depths of Job's soul, indicating an intense yearning for the return of a bygone era. This usage underscores the severity of his current suffering and the depth of his regret for what has been lost.
This term (H433) refers to a deity or the Deity, specifically God. Its presence here emphasizes that Job attributes his past blessings and preservation directly to the divine, personal agency of God. This is not a vague notion of good fortune, but a clear acknowledgment that his former well-being was a direct result of God's active involvement in his life, making God's perceived absence in his present suffering all the more perplexing and painful.
This verb (H8104) properly means "to hedge about (as with thorns)," and generally, "to guard, protect, attend to, or keep." It implies active, attentive oversight and diligent care, not merely passive observation. When Job states that God "preserved" him, he is acknowledging God as his active guardian and protector during those past "months" and "days." This emphasizes the personal, intimate, and intentional nature of God's care over his life, a care he now deeply misses and perceives as withdrawn.
Verse Breakdown
"Oh that I were as [in] months past"
This opening clause expresses Job's intense and heartfelt longing for a return to a specific, extended period in his life. The phrase "months past" indicates a significant duration, not merely fleeting moments, implying a sustained season of well-being and divine favor. It immediately establishes a stark contrast between his remembered past and his present misery, setting the tone for his entire lament and highlighting the depth of his desire for what has been lost.
"as [in] the days [when] God preserved me;"
This second clause clarifies the nature of the longed-for past: it was a time characterized by God's active protection and watchful care. The parallel use of "days" alongside "months" reinforces the consistent and enduring nature of this divine oversight. The core of Job's yearning is not just for material prosperity but for the tangible sense of God's personal presence, safeguarding hand, and providential provision, which he now perceives as absent or hidden.
Literary Devices
Job 29:2 is rich in literary devices that amplify its emotional and theological impact. The most prominent is Lament, as the entire verse functions as a profound expression of grief, sorrow, and a desperate yearning for a lost state. This lament sets the stage for Job's extended monologue, which is steeped in his suffering. Contrast is a foundational device here, with Job explicitly juxtaposing his former blessed condition—marked by divine preservation—against his current state of profound suffering and perceived abandonment. This stark opposition highlights the inexplicable nature of his trials. The phrase "Oh that I were..." functions as a Rhetorical Wish or an Optative Mood, expressing an intense desire for something impossible (to reverse time) and underscoring the depth of his pain and helplessness. While subtle, there is an element of Personification in the way "months past" and "days" are imbued with the quality of God's active preservation, making time itself a witness to divine favor.
Theological and Thematic Connections
Job's lament in Job 29:2 resonates deeply with the universal human experience of longing for a lost golden age or a time of perceived greater divine favor. It raises profound theological questions about the nature of God's providence, the meaning of suffering, and the believer's response when God's protective hand seems withdrawn. This verse challenges simplistic theological frameworks that equate material prosperity solely with righteousness and suffering solely with sin. Despite his overwhelming pain and confusion, Job's memory of God's past preservation anchors his lament within a framework of acknowledging God's sovereignty, even if His current actions are incomprehensible. This tension between past experience and present reality is central to the book's exploration of enduring faith amidst profound adversity, demonstrating that honest questioning and sorrow can coexist with a foundational trust in God's character and ultimate goodness.
Reflection and Application
Job 29:2 offers a profound entry point into understanding the human response to significant loss and the perceived absence of God's tangible favor. It validates the natural human tendency to grieve what was and to yearn for times of greater comfort and security. For believers, this verse reminds us that it is permissible, even healthy, to honestly express our pain and longing to God, even when we don't understand His ways. It challenges us to reflect on how we remember God's past faithfulness during present trials. Do those memories become a source of bitterness over what is lost, or do they serve as a foundational anchor for enduring hope, reminding us of God's unchanging character and past acts of grace? Ultimately, Job's story encourages us to trust in God's character and ultimate purposes, even when His preservation feels distant or His plan seems hidden, knowing that His love and sovereignty remain constant, often working in unseen ways to refine our faith and prepare us for future blessings beyond our current comprehension.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Is Job complaining against God in this verse?
No, Job is not directly complaining against God's character or justice in this verse. Instead, he is expressing a deep, heartfelt lament and a profound sense of loss, yearning for a past state of divine favor and protection. His cry of "Oh that I were..." is a wish for a return to a time when God's preservation was evident and tangible in his life, contrasting it with his current inexplicable suffering. This is a common form of lament found throughout the Psalms (e.g., Psalm 42:1-3) and prophetic literature (e.g., Lamentations 3:1-20), where believers honestly express their pain and questions to God without necessarily rejecting His sovereignty or goodness. Job's lament is a cry to God, not a rejection of God.
What does "God preserved me" mean in this context?
The phrase "God preserved me" (Hebrew: shâmar) signifies God's active, watchful care, protection, and provision over Job's life in the past. It implies that Job's former prosperity, health, and security were not accidental or self-achieved but were direct results of God's intentional oversight and safeguarding. This acknowledgment highlights Job's deep understanding of God's sovereignty and His personal involvement in the details of his life, making his current suffering all the more perplexing to him. It underscores that Job's former blessed state was a gift from God, a divine act of preservation, which he now deeply misses and yearns for its return.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Job's yearning for a time when "God preserved me" finds its ultimate fulfillment and transformation in the person and work of Jesus Christ. While Job longed for a return to an earthly state of blessing and protection, the New Testament reveals a deeper, eternal preservation offered through Christ. Believers are not merely preserved from temporal dangers, but are eternally preserved in Christ Jesus, guarded by God's power through faith for a salvation ready to be revealed in the last time (1 Peter 1:5). Job's experience, though filled with earthly sorrow, foreshadows the truth that God's preservation, though sometimes mysterious in its earthly outworking, culminates in the secure hope of salvation and eternal life. Christ Himself is our ultimate preservation, having overcome sin and death, offering a peace that transcends all understanding (Philippians 4:7) and a promise that nothing, not even suffering or death, can separate us from His steadfast love (Romans 8:38-39). Our "months past" of grace and protection are not merely temporal memories, but a foretaste of the eternal, unshakeable preservation found in our Lord, who is the same yesterday, today, and forever (Hebrews 13:8).