Deuteronomy 5:12

KJV

Keep the sabbath day to sanctify it, as the LORD thy God hath commanded thee.

KJV (with Strong's)

Keep {H8104} the sabbath {H7676} day {H3117} to sanctify {H6942} it, as the LORD {H3068} thy God {H430} hath commanded {H6680} thee.

Complete Jewish Bible

"'Observe the day of Shabbat, to set it apart as holy, as ADONAI your God ordered you to do.

Berean Standard Bible

Observe the Sabbath day by keeping it holy, as the LORD your God has commanded you.

American Standard Version

Observe the sabbath day, to keep it holy, as Jehovah thy God commanded thee.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Deuteronomy 5:12 serves as a profound reiteration of the fourth commandment, calling Israel to "keep the sabbath day to sanctify it, as the LORD thy God hath commanded thee." This verse underscores the divine origin and perpetual significance of the Sabbath, not merely as a day of rest, but as a consecrated time set apart for God. It reflects His holiness and His covenant relationship with His people, serving as a tangible reminder of His creative work and redemptive power, and establishing a rhythm of life rooted in divine trust and worship.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Deuteronomy 5:12 is embedded within Moses' second delivery of the Ten Commandments to the new generation of Israelites on the plains of Moab, poised to enter the Promised Land. This restatement of the Decalogue, found in [Deuteronomy 5:6-21](/deuteronomy/5-6-21 "Deuteronomy 5:6-21 - The Ten Commandments Rehearsed"), forms the foundational legal and moral framework for the renewed covenant between Yahweh and Israel. Unlike the initial giving at Mount Sinai in [Exodus 20:1-17](/exodus/20-1-17 "Exodus 20:1-17 - The Giving of the Decalogue"), Moses' address in Deuteronomy is a didactic, hortatory sermon, emphasizing the *why* behind the commands and urging obedience based on past experience and future hope. The Sabbath command here is presented as a vital component of Israel's identity and their distinct relationship with God, integral to the broader covenant stipulations that define their life in the land.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The setting is crucial: the Israelites are on the cusp of a new era, transitioning from wilderness wanderers to settled inhabitants of Canaan. This generation did not personally witness the Exodus or the original Sinai covenant. Moses, therefore, acts as a mediator, reminding them of their history and God's faithfulness. The command to observe the Sabbath would have been counter-cultural in the ancient Near East, where continuous labor was often the norm. This weekly cessation of work was a radical act of faith, demonstrating trust in God's provision and a rejection of the relentless demands of pagan societies. Furthermore, the Deuteronomic version of the Sabbath command, particularly in [Deuteronomy 5:15](/deuteronomy/5-15 "Deuteronomy 5:15 - The Sabbath and Deliverance from Egypt"), explicitly links the Sabbath to Israel's deliverance from Egyptian bondage, transforming it from solely a creation ordinance (as in [Exodus 20:11](/exodus/20-11 "Exodus 20:11 - Sabbath as Creation Memorial")) into a memorial of redemption, emphasizing their past slavery and God's liberating power.
* **Key Themes:** The verse powerfully encapsulates several overarching themes in Deuteronomy and the broader Pentateuch. First, **Divine Command and Obedience** is paramount, highlighted by "as the LORD thy God hath commanded thee," underscoring that the Sabbath is not a human invention but a direct, non-negotiable instruction from the sovereign God. Second, the concept of **Sanctification and Holiness** is central; to "sanctify it" means to set the day apart as holy, distinct from the common, reflecting God's own holy character and His desire for His people to be a holy nation, as called for in [Exodus 19:6](/exodus/19-6 "Exodus 19:6 - Israel as a Holy Nation"). Third, while not explicitly stated in this verse, the inherent nature of the Sabbath (Hebrew: *Shabbat*, meaning "to cease" or "to rest") points to **Rest and Remembrance**. This rest was a physical and spiritual cessation from labor, designed to foster remembrance of God's finished work of creation ([Genesis 2:2-3](/genesis/2-2-3 "Genesis 2:2-3 - God Rests on the Seventh Day")) and, uniquely in Deuteronomy, His redemptive act in delivering Israel from slavery ([Deuteronomy 5:15](/deuteronomy/5-15 "Deuteronomy 5:15 - The Sabbath and Deliverance from Egypt")). These themes collectively reinforce Israel's identity as a covenant people, called to live distinctively in obedience and worship.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Keep (Hebrew, _shâmar'_):** This verb (H8104) properly means "to hedge about (as with thorns)," and generally, "to guard," "to protect," "attend to," or "observe carefully." In the context of the Sabbath, it implies active, diligent adherence, not merely passive acknowledgment. The command is not just to "have" a Sabbath, but to "keep" it, suggesting a protective and intentional observance of its principles and boundaries, denoting a commitment to the covenant stipulations.
* **Sabbath (Hebrew, _shabbâth'_):** Derived from the verb `shavat` (to cease, desist, rest), `shabbâth` (H7676) refers specifically to the seventh day of the week, consecrated by God. It signifies a complete cessation from ordinary labor, a time of repose and spiritual renewal. Its very name embodies the concept of intermission and rest, mirroring God's rest after creation and Israel's rest from Egyptian bondage.
* **Sanctify (Hebrew, _qâdash'_):** This primitive root (H6942) means "to be (causatively, make, pronounce or observe as) clean (ceremonially or morally)," or "to set apart," "to make holy," "to consecrate," or "to declare holy." When applied to the Sabbath, it means to distinguish it from the other six days, dedicating it exclusively to the Lord and His purposes. This setting apart implies a change in status, making the day sacred and distinct for divine encounter and worship.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Keep the sabbath day":** This imperative opens the command, emphasizing active and diligent observance. It's not a suggestion but a direct instruction to guard and protect the day, ensuring its distinctiveness and purpose are maintained. This involves both refraining from work and engaging in activities appropriate for a holy day, thereby upholding its sacred character.
* **"to sanctify it":** This phrase articulates the *purpose* of keeping the Sabbath. The day is to be made holy, set apart for God's purposes, distinct from the mundane. This sanctification is not something humans *make* the day inherently holy, but rather an acknowledgment of its inherent holiness as designated by God, and a human response of treating it as such through worship, rest, and reflection on God's character and works.
* **"as the LORD thy God hath commanded thee.":** This concluding clause grounds the command in divine authority. It reminds the new generation that this is not a new or arbitrary rule, but a direct, authoritative instruction from Yahweh (H3068, _Yᵉhôvâh_), their covenant God (H430, _ʼĕlôhîym_). It reinforces the binding nature of the command (H6680, _tsâvâh_) and emphasizes that obedience is a response to God's revealed will and His prior actions of creation and redemption.

#### Literary Devices
Deuteronomy 5:12 employs several potent literary devices. The most prominent is **Reiteration**, as this verse is a direct restatement of the fourth commandment from [Exodus 20:8](/exodus/20-8 "Exodus 20:8 - The Original Sabbath Command"), serving to impress its importance upon the new generation poised to enter the Promised Land. The use of the **Imperative Mood** ("Keep," "sanctify") conveys the non-negotiable, authoritative nature of the divine command, demanding immediate and unwavering obedience. There is clear **Emphasis** through the concluding phrase "as the LORD thy God hath commanded thee," which not only validates the command but also highlights the personal, covenantal relationship between God and Israel, reinforcing the binding nature of their agreement. Finally, the verse is rich in **Covenantal Language**, framing the Sabbath observance as a sign and seal of the unique relationship between Yahweh and His chosen people, a visible marker of their identity and allegiance to His divine will.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
The command to keep the Sabbath is profoundly theological, rooted in God's nature as Creator and Redeemer. It is a tangible expression of trust in divine providence, acknowledging that human effort is not the sole determinant of provision. The Sabbath invites humanity into God's own rhythm of work and rest, reflecting the divine pattern established at creation. For Israel, it was a weekly reminder of their liberation from the incessant toil of Egyptian slavery, a celebration of freedom and God's sustaining grace. Theologically, it points to the principle that true rest and flourishing come from aligning one's life with God's design, prioritizing worship and communion over ceaseless labor. It also foreshadows a deeper, spiritual rest available through faith, a rest from striving and a reliance on God's finished work.

* [Exodus 20:8-11](/exodus/20-8-11 "The Sabbath Command in the Decalogue")
* [Isaiah 58:13-14](/isaiah/58-13-14 "Blessing for Sabbath Observance")
* [Mark 2:27-28](/mark/2-27-28 "Jesus, Lord of the Sabbath")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Deuteronomy 5:12 transcends a mere legalistic injunction, inviting us into a rhythm of life that honors God and promotes human flourishing. In a world driven by productivity and constant activity, the call to "keep the sabbath day to sanctify it" remains profoundly relevant. It challenges us to intentionally set aside time for rest, worship, and reflection, trusting that God, not our ceaseless labor, is our ultimate provider and sustainer. This practice cultivates a posture of dependence on God, reminding us of our limits and His boundless grace. It is a spiritual discipline that counteracts the idols of busyness and self-sufficiency, fostering deeper communion with our Creator and Redeemer. By embracing a Sabbath rhythm, we not only honor God's command but also experience His restorative power in our physical, mental, and spiritual lives, finding true rest in His presence and acknowledging His sovereignty over all our time and endeavors.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does my current rhythm of life reflect a commitment to intentional rest and spiritual renewal?**
* **In what ways do I "sanctify" time for God, setting it apart from the ordinary demands of life?**
* **What idols of productivity or self-reliance might the Sabbath command challenge in my own life?**
* **How can remembering God's creative and redemptive work inform my approach to rest and worship?**

### FAQ
**Is the Sabbath command still binding for Christians today?**

Answer: While the specific legalistic observance of the Sabbath on Saturday (the seventh day) is understood differently under the New Covenant, the underlying principles of the Sabbath remain profoundly relevant for Christians. The New Testament emphasizes that Christ is the fulfillment of the Law, including the Sabbath, as He declared Himself "Lord of the Sabbath" in [Matthew 12:8](/matthew/12-8 "Matthew 12:8 - Jesus, Lord of the Sabbath"). Believers are not bound by the Mosaic Law's specific regulations for Sabbath-keeping, as highlighted in [Colossians 2:16-17](/colossians/2-16-17 "Colossians 2:16-17 - Shadow of Things to Come"), which describes these as a "shadow of the things to come, but the substance belongs to Christ." However, the call to regular rest, worship, and remembrance of God's finished work in creation and redemption is timeless. Many Christians observe Sunday as a day of worship and rest, commemorating Christ's resurrection, which is often referred to as "the Lord's Day" in [Revelation 1:10](/revelation/1-10 "Revelation 1:10 - The Lord's Day"). The essence is not the specific day, but the principle of setting aside time to cease from labor, focus on God, and experience His provision and rest.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Deuteronomy 5:12, with its command to keep the Sabbath and sanctify it, finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in Jesus Christ. While the Old Testament Sabbath pointed to a physical rest and a memorial of creation and redemption from Egyptian slavery, Jesus reveals Himself as the true and ultimate Sabbath rest for humanity. He boldly declared Himself "Lord of the Sabbath" in [Mark 2:28](/mark/2-28 "Mark 2:28 - Jesus, Lord of the Sabbath"), demonstrating that the Sabbath was made for humanity's good, not humanity for the Sabbath, and that He possessed authority over its interpretation and application. In Him, we find cessation from the striving of legalistic works and the crushing burden of sin, entering into a spiritual rest that transcends a single day. As the author of Hebrews proclaims, "there remains a Sabbath rest for the people of God" in [Hebrews 4:9](/hebrews/4-9 "Hebrews 4:9 - The Sabbath Rest for God's People"), a rest found in ceasing from our own works and trusting in Christ's finished work on the cross. He is our ultimate liberation from the slavery of sin and death, just as the Sabbath reminded Israel of their freedom from Egypt. Through His atoning sacrifice and glorious resurrection, Christ ushered in a new creation, offering true rest and sanctification to all who believe, embodying the very holiness and peace that the Sabbath was designed to anticipate. Indeed, He is our peace and our rest, as promised in [Matthew 11:28-30](/matthew/11-28-30 "Matthew 11:28-30 - Come to Me, All Who Are Weary").

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Exodus 20:8

Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.

Exodus 20:11

For [in] six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them [is], and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.

Isaiah 58:13

¶ If thou turn away thy foot from the sabbath, [from] doing thy pleasure on my holy day; and call the sabbath a delight, the holy of the LORD, honourable; and shalt honour him, not doing thine own ways, nor finding thine own pleasure, nor speaking [thine own] words:

Isaiah 56:6

Also the sons of the stranger, that join themselves to the LORD, to serve him, and to love the name of the LORD, to be his servants, every one that keepeth the sabbath from polluting it, and taketh hold of my covenant;