Exodus 9:34

King James Version:

(The Lord speaking is red text)

And when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunders were ceased, he sinned yet more, and hardened his heart, he and his servants.

Complete Jewish Bible:

When Pharaoh saw that the rain, hail and thunder had ended, he sinned still more by making himself hardhearted, he and his servants.

Berean Standard Bible:

When Pharaoh saw that the rain and hail and thunder had ceased, he sinned again and hardened his heart—he and his officials.

American Standard Version:

And when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunders were ceased, he sinned yet more, and hardened his heart, he and his servants.

KJV with Strong’s Numbers:

And when Pharaoh^{H6547} saw^{H7200} that the rain^{H4306} and the hail^{H1259} and the thunders^{H6963} were ceased^{H2308}, he sinned^{H2398} yet more^{H3254}, and hardened^{H3513} his heart^{H3820}, he and his servants^{H5650}.

Cross-References (KJV):

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Commentary for Exodus 9:34

**Exodus 9:34 Themes:**
- **Divine Judgment and Mercy:** The verse reflects the theme of divine judgment through the plagues sent upon Egypt, as well as God's mercy in temporarily halting the plague to give Pharaoh another chance to repent.
- **Human Free Will and Stubbornness:** It illustrates the exercise of human free will, particularly Pharaoh's, in choosing to ignore divine warnings and continue in disobedience despite clear signs.
- **Hardness of Heart:** The verse emphasizes the concept of a hardened heart, which is a recurring motif in Exodus, signifying a willful resistance to God's commands and the consequences of one's actions.

**Historical Context:**
- **The Exodus Narrative:** Exodus 9:34 is part of the larger narrative of the Israelites' deliverance from slavery in Egypt. The book of Exodus is traditionally attributed to Moses and is believed to have been written around the 13th century BCE.
- **The Plagues of Egypt:** This verse occurs during the seventh plague, a catastrophic storm of hail and fire. The plagues are seen as God's response to Pharaoh's refusal to release the Israelites from bondage.
- **Ancient Near Eastern Context:** The account reflects the ancient Near Eastern context where the power of gods was often demonstrated through control over nature. The plagues were a direct challenge to the gods of Egypt and an assertion of Yahweh's supremacy.
- **Pharaoh's Role:** Pharaoh, as the ruler of Egypt, was considered a god-king by his people. His repeated hardening of heart showcases the conflict between human pride and divine authority.

In summary, Exodus 9:34 highlights the tension between God's sovereignty and human autonomy, the consequences of pride and obstinacy, and the historical struggle between the emerging Israelite identity and the dominant Egyptian power of the time.

*This commentary is produced by Microsoft/WizardLM-2-8x22B AI model

Strong's Numbers and Definitions:

Note: H = Hebrew (OT), G = Greek (NT)

1. Strong's Number: H6547
   There are 230 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: פַּרְעֹה
   Transliteration: Parʻôh
   Pronunciation: par-o'
   Description: of Egyptian derivation; Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kings; Pharaoh.
   
2. Strong's Number: H7200
   There are 1212 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: רָאָה
   Transliteration: râʼâh
   Pronunciation: raw-aw'
   Description: a primitive root; to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative); advise self, appear, approve, behold, [idiom] certainly, consider, discern, (make to) enjoy, have experience, gaze, take heed, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] joyfully, lo, look (on, one another, one on another, one upon another, out, up, upon), mark, meet, [idiom] be near, perceive, present, provide, regard, (have) respect, (fore-, cause to, let) see(-r, -m, one another), shew (self), [idiom] sight of others, (e-) spy, stare, [idiom] surely, [idiom] think, view, visions.
   
3. Strong's Number: H4306
   There are 36 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: מָטַר
   Transliteration: mâṭar
   Pronunciation: maw-tawr'
   Description: from מָטַר; rain; rain.
   
4. Strong's Number: H1259
   There are 26 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: בָּרָד
   Transliteration: bârâd
   Pronunciation: baw-rawd'
   Description: from בָּרַד; hail; hail(stones).
   
5. Strong's Number: H6963
   There are 436 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: קוֹל
   Transliteration: qôwl
   Pronunciation: kole
   Description: or קֹל; from an unused root meaning to call aloud; a voice or sound; [phrase] aloud, bleating, crackling, cry ([phrase] out), fame, lightness, lowing, noise, [phrase] hold peace, (pro-) claim, proclamation, [phrase] sing, sound, [phrase] spark, thunder(-ing), voice, [phrase] yell.
   
6. Strong's Number: H2308
   There are 56 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: חָדַל
   Transliteration: châdal
   Pronunciation: khaw-dal'
   Description: a primitive root; properly, to be flabby, i.e. (by implication) desist; (figuratively) be lacking or idle; cease, end, fall, forbear, forsake, leave (off), let alone, rest, be unoccupied, want.
   
7. Strong's Number: H2398
   There are 220 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: חָטָא
   Transliteration: châṭâʼ
   Pronunciation: khaw-taw'
   Description: a primitive root; properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn; bear the blame, cleanse, commit (sin), by fault, harm he hath done, loss, miss, (make) offend(-er), offer for sin, purge, purify (self), make reconciliation, (cause, make) sin(-ful, -ness), trespass.
   
8. Strong's Number: H3254
   There are 207 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: יָסַף
   Transliteration: yâçaph
   Pronunciation: yaw-saf'
   Description: a primitive root; to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing); add, [idiom] again, [idiom] any more, [idiom] cease, [idiom] come more, [phrase] conceive again, continue, exceed, [idiom] further, [idiom] gather together, get more, give more-over, [idiom] henceforth, increase (more and more), join, [idiom] longer (bring, do, make, much, put), [idiom] (the, much, yet) more (and more), proceed (further), prolong, put, be (strong-) er, [idiom] yet, yield.
   
9. Strong's Number: H3513
   There are 109 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: כָּבַד
   Transliteration: kâbad
   Pronunciation: kaw-bad'
   Description: or כָּבֵד; a primitive root; to be heavy, i.e. in a bad sense (burdensome, severe, dull) or in a good sense (numerous, rich, honorable; causatively, to make weighty (in the same two senses); abounding with, more grievously afflict, boast, be chargeable, [idiom] be dim, glorify, be (make) glorious (things), glory, (very) great, be grievous, harden, be (make) heavy, be heavier, lay heavily, (bring to, come to, do, get, be had in) honour (self), (be) honourable (man), lade, [idiom] more be laid, make self many, nobles, prevail, promote (to honour), be rich, be (go) sore, stop.
   
10. Strong's Number: H3820
    There are 550 instances of this translation in the Bible
    Lemma: לֵב
    Transliteration: lêb
    Pronunciation: labe
    Description: a form of לֵבָב; the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything; [phrase] care for, comfortably, consent, [idiom] considered, courag(-eous), friend(-ly), ((broken-), (hard-), (merry-), (stiff-), (stout-), double) heart(-ed), [idiom] heed, [idiom] I, kindly, midst, mind(-ed), [idiom] regard(-ed), [idiom] themselves, [idiom] unawares, understanding, [idiom] well, willingly, wisdom.
    
11. Strong's Number: H5650
    There are 714 instances of this translation in the Bible
    Lemma: עֶבֶד
    Transliteration: ʻebed
    Pronunciation: eh'-bed
    Description: from עָבַד; a servant; [idiom] bondage, bondman, (bond-) servant, (man-) servant.