King James Version:
(The Lord speaking is red text)
And mount Sinai was altogether on a smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire: and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly.
Complete Jewish Bible:
Mount Sinai was enveloped in smoke, because ADONAI descended onto it in fire -its smoke went up like the smoke from a furnace, and the whole mountain shook violently.
Berean Standard Bible:
Mount Sinai was completely enveloped in smoke, because the LORD had descended on it in fire. And the smoke rose like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mountain quaked violently.
American Standard Version:
And mount Sinai, the whole of it, smoked, because Jehovah descended upon it in fire; and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly.
KJV with Strong’s Numbers:
And mount{H2022} Sinai{H5514} was altogether on a smoke{H6225}, because{H6440}{H834} the LORD{H3068} descended{H3381} upon it in fire{H784}: and the smoke{H6227} thereof ascended{H5927} as the smoke{H6227} of a furnace{H3536}, and the whole mount{H2022} quaked{H2729} greatly{H3966}.
Cross-References (KJV):
Judges 5:5
- The mountains melted from before the LORD, [even] that Sinai from before the LORD God of Israel.
Psalms 144:5
- Bow thy heavens, O LORD, and come down: touch the mountains, and they shall smoke.
Revelation 15:8
- And the temple was filled with smoke from the glory of God, and from his power; and no man was able to enter into the temple, till the seven plagues of the seven angels were fulfilled.
Exodus 3:2
- And the angel of the LORD appeared unto him in a flame of fire out of the midst of a bush: and he looked, and, behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush [was] not consumed.
Genesis 19:28
- And he looked toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land of the plain, and beheld, and, lo, the smoke of the country went up as the smoke of a furnace.
Jeremiah 4:24
- I beheld the mountains, and, lo, they trembled, and all the hills moved lightly.
Psalms 68:7
- ¶ O God, when thou wentest forth before thy people, when thou didst march through the wilderness; Selah:
Explore This Verse Across Other Resources:
Commentary for Exodus 19:18
**Exodus 19:18 Summary:**
**Themes:**
1. **Divine Presence and Power:** The imagery of Mount Sinai enveloped in smoke and fire signifies the awe-inspiring presence of God, emphasizing His power and transcendence.
2. **Covenant Establishment:** This event occurs just before God gives the Ten Commandments to Moses, marking the establishment of the Mosaic Covenant between God and the Israelites.
3. **Call to Holiness:** The dramatic theophany serves as a call to the Israelites to recognize God's holiness and to respond with reverence and obedience.
**Historical Context:**
Set in the context of the Exodus narrative, this verse describes the events at Mount Sinai, which traditionally occurred around the 13th century BCE. The Israelites, recently freed from slavery in Egypt, are on their journey to the Promised Land. At Mount Sinai, God summons Moses to the top of the mountain to receive the Law, which will govern the religious and social life of the Israelite community. The scene is one of the most significant in the Hebrew Bible, as it represents the foundational moment of the Israelites' relationship with God as a covenant people, setting the stage for the development of Jewish law and identity. The vivid description of the mountain smoking and quaking would resonate with an ancient audience familiar with the idea of deities manifesting within natural elements, reinforcing the sovereignty and otherness of Yahweh, the God of Israel.
*This commentary is produced by Microsoft/WizardLM-2-8x22B AI model
Strong's Numbers and Definitions:
Note: H = Hebrew (OT), G = Greek (NT)
- Strong's Number: H2022
There are 485 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: הַר
Transliteration: har
Pronunciation: har
Description: a shortened form of הָרָר; a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively); hill (country), mount(-ain), [idiom] promotion. - Strong's Number: H5514
There are 34 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: סִינַי
Transliteration: Çîynay
Pronunciation: see-nah'-ee
Description: of uncertain derivation; Sinai, mountain of Arabia; Sinai. - Strong's Number: H6225
There are 6 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: עָשַׁן
Transliteration: ʻâshan
Pronunciation: aw-shan'
Description: a primitive root; to smoke, whether literal or figurative; be angry (be on a) smoke. - Strong's Number: H6440
There are 1890 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: פָּנִים
Transliteration: pânîym
Pronunciation: paw-neem'
Description: plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פָּנֶה; from פָּנָה); the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.); [phrase] accept, a-(be-) fore(-time), against, anger, [idiom] as (long as), at, [phrase] battle, [phrase] because (of), [phrase] beseech, countenance, edge, [phrase] employ, endure, [phrase] enquire, face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, [idiom] him(-self), [phrase] honourable, [phrase] impudent, [phrase] in, it, look(-eth) (-s), [idiom] me, [phrase] meet, [idiom] more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), [idiom] on, open, [phrase] out of, over against, the partial, person, [phrase] please, presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, [phrase] regard, right forth, [phrase] serve, [idiom] shewbread, sight, state, straight, [phrase] street, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them(-selves), through ([phrase] -out), till, time(-s) past, (un-) to(-ward), [phrase] upon, upside ([phrase] down), with(-in, [phrase] -stand), [idiom] ye, [idiom] you. - Strong's Number: H834
There are 220 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: אֲשֶׁר
Transliteration: ʼăsher
Pronunciation: ash-er'
Description: a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number); who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.; [idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever, when, where ([phrase] -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, [phrase] whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection. - Strong's Number: H3068
There are 5521 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: יְהֹוָה
Transliteration: Yᵉhôvâh
Pronunciation: yeh-ho-vaw'
Description: from הָיָה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יָהּ, יְהֹוִה. - Strong's Number: H3381
There are 344 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: יָרַד
Transliteration: yârad
Pronunciation: yaw-rad'
Description: a primitive root; to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to bring down (in all the above applications); [idiom] abundantly, bring down, carry down, cast down, (cause to) come(-ing) down, fall (down), get down, go(-ing) down(-ward), hang down, [idiom] indeed, let down, light (down), put down (off), (cause to, let) run down, sink, subdue, take down. - Strong's Number: H784
There are 549 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: אֵשׁ
Transliteration: ʼêsh
Pronunciation: aysh
Description: a primitive word; fire (literally or figuratively); burning, fiery, fire, flaming, hot. - Strong's Number: H6227
There are 24 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: עָשָׁן
Transliteration: ʻâshân
Pronunciation: aw-shawn'
Description: from עָשַׁן; smoke, literally or figuratively (vapor, dust, anger); smoke(-ing). - Strong's Number: H5927
There are 817 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: עָלָה
Transliteration: ʻâlâh
Pronunciation: aw-law'
Description: a primitive root; to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative; arise (up), (cause to) ascend up, at once, break (the day) (up), bring (up), (cause to) burn, carry up, cast up, [phrase] shew, climb (up), (cause to, make to) come (up), cut off, dawn, depart, exalt, excel, fall, fetch up, get up, (make to) go (away, up); grow (over) increase, lay, leap, levy, lift (self) up, light, (make) up, [idiom] mention, mount up, offer, make to pay, [phrase] perfect, prefer, put (on), raise, recover, restore, (make to) rise (up), scale, set (up), shoot forth (up), (begin to) spring (up), stir up, take away (up), work. - Strong's Number: H3536
There are 4 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: כִּבְשָׁן
Transliteration: kibshân
Pronunciation: kib-shawn'
Description: from כָּבַשׁ; a smelting furnace (as reducing metals); furnace. - Strong's Number: H2729
There are 39 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: חָרַד
Transliteration: chârad
Pronunciation: khaw-rad'
Description: a primitive root; to shudder with terror; hence, to fear; also to hasten (with anxiety); be (make) afraid, be careful, discomfit, fray (away), quake, tremble. - Strong's Number: H3966
There are 278 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: מְאֹד
Transliteration: mᵉʼôd
Pronunciation: meh-ode'
Description: from the same as אוּד; properly, vehemence, i.e. (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or superlative; especially when repeated); diligently, especially, exceeding(-ly), far, fast, good, great(-ly), [idiom] louder and louder, might(-ily, -y), (so) much, quickly, (so) sore, utterly, very ([phrase] much, sore), well.