Exodus 12:43

King James Version:

(The Lord speaking is red text)

¶ And the LORD said unto Moses and Aaron, This [is] the ordinance of the passover: There shall no stranger eat thereof:

Complete Jewish Bible:

ADONAI said to Moshe and Aharon, "This is the regulation for the Pesach lamb: no foreigner is to eat it.

Berean Standard Bible:

And the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the statute of the Passover: No foreigner is to eat of it.

American Standard Version:

And Jehovah said unto Moses and Aaron, This is the ordinance of the passover: there shall no foreigner eat thereof;

KJV with Strong’s Numbers:

And the LORD^{H3068} said^{H559} unto Moses^{H4872} and Aaron^{H175}, This is the ordinance^{H2708} of the passover^{H6453}: There shall no stranger^{{H1121}{H5236}} eat^{H398} thereof:

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Commentary for Exodus 12:43

Exodus 12:43 is a part of the detailed instructions given by God to Moses and Aaron regarding the Passover, a pivotal event in Jewish history and theology. The verse is set within the broader context of the Israelites' imminent exodus from Egypt, where they have been enslaved for generations. God is about to inflict the final plague upon the Egyptians, the death of the firstborn, and the Passover is instituted as a means of protection for the Israelites.

The Passover involves the sacrifice of a lamb, the application of its blood to the doorposts of the Israelite homes, and a prescribed meal. Exodus 12:43 specifically emphasizes that this sacred meal is not for any "stranger" to partake in; it is reserved for those within the covenant community. The term "stranger" here likely refers to non-Israelites who have not been circumcised, which is a sign of the covenant between God and the Israelites. This stipulation underscores the exclusivity of the Passover observance, reinforcing the idea of a distinct people set apart for God.

The themes present in this verse include divine ordinance, covenant identity, and ritual purity. Historically, the Passover would become one of the most significant annual festivals for the Israelites, commemorating their deliverance from Egypt and reinforcing their identity as God's chosen people. The restrictions on who could participate in the Passover meal served to maintain the unique religious and cultural practices of the Israelites, distinguishing them from surrounding nations. This exclusivity would later be a point of contention and theological debate, particularly as the early Christian church grappled with the inclusion of Gentiles into the faith.

*This commentary is produced by Microsoft/WizardLM-2-8x22B AI model

Strong's Numbers and Definitions:

Note: H = Hebrew (OT), G = Greek (NT)

1. Strong's Number: H3068
   There are 5521 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: יְהֹוָה
   Transliteration: Yᵉhôvâh
   Pronunciation: yeh-ho-vaw'
   Description: from הָיָה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יָהּ, יְהֹוִה.
   
2. Strong's Number: H559
   There are 4434 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: אָמַר
   Transliteration: ʼâmar
   Pronunciation: aw-mar'
   Description: a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude); answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, [phrase] (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, [idiom] desire, determine, [idiom] expressly, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] intend, name, [idiom] plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), [idiom] still, [idiom] suppose, talk, tell, term, [idiom] that is, [idiom] think, use (speech), utter, [idiom] verily, [idiom] yet.
   
3. Strong's Number: H4872
   There are 704 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: מֹשֶׁה
   Transliteration: Môsheh
   Pronunciation: mo-sheh'
   Description: from מָשָׁה; drawing out (of the water), i.e. rescued; Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver; Moses.
   
4. Strong's Number: H175
   There are 480 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: אַהֲרוֹן
   Transliteration: ʼAhărôwn
   Pronunciation: a-har-one'
   Description: of uncertain derivation; Aharon, the brother of Moses; Aaron.
   
5. Strong's Number: H2708
   There are 100 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: חֻקָּה
   Transliteration: chuqqâh
   Pronunciation: khook-kaw'
   Description: feminine of חֹק, and meaning substantially the same; {an enactment; hence, an appointment (of time, space, quantity, labor or usage)}; appointed, custom, manner, ordinance, site, statute.
   
6. Strong's Number: H6453
   There are 46 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: פֶּסַח
   Transliteration: peçach
   Pronunciation: peh'-sakh
   Description: from פָּסַח; a pretermission, i.e. exemption; used only techically of the Jewish Passover (the festival or the victim); passover (offering).
   
7. Strong's Number: H1121
   There are 3654 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: בֵּן
   Transliteration: bên
   Pronunciation: bane
   Description: from בָּנָה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
   
8. Strong's Number: H5236
   There are 35 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: נֵכָר
   Transliteration: nêkâr
   Pronunciation: nay-kawr'
   Description: ' from נָכַר; foreign, or (concretely) a foreigner, or (abstractly) heathendom; alien, strange ([phrase] -er).
   
9. Strong's Number: H398
   There are 825 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: אָכַל
   Transliteration: ʼâkal
   Pronunciation: aw-kal'
   Description: a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively); [idiom] at all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up), feed (with), food, [idiom] freely, [idiom] in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay) meat, [idiom] quite.