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Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers 2 Corinthians 1:7–11.
In these verses the apostle speaks for the encouragement and edification of the Corinthians; and tells them (Co2 1:7) of his persuasion or stedfast hope that they should receive benefit by the troubles he and his companions in labour and travel had met with, that their faith should not be weakened, but their consolations increased. In order to this he tells them, 1. What their sufferings had been (Co2 1:8): We would not have you ignorant of our trouble. It was convenient for the churches to know what were the sufferings of their ministers. It is not certain what particular troubles in Asia are here referred to; whether the tumult raised by Demetrius at Ephesus, mentioned Acts 19, or the fight with beasts at Ephesus, mentioned in the former epistle (Co1 15:32), or some other trouble; for the apostle was in deaths often. This however is evident, that they were great tribulations. They were pushed out of measure, to a very extraordinary degree, above the common strength of men, or of ordinary Christians, to bear up under them, insomuch that they despaired even of life (Co2 1:8), and thought they should have been killed, or have fainted away and expired. 2. What they did in their distress: They trusted in God. And they were brought to this extremity in order that they should not trust in themselves but in God, Co2 1:9. Note, God often brings his people into great straits, that they may apprehend their own insufficiency to help themselves, and may be induced to place their trust and hope in his all-sufficiency. Our extremity is God's opportunity. In the mount will the Lord be seen; and we may safely trust in God, who raiseth the dead, Co2 1:9. God's raising the dead is a proof of his almighty power. He that can do this can do any thing, can do all things, and is worthy to be trusted in at all times. Abraham's faith fastened upon this instance of the divine power: He believed God who quickeneth the dead, Rom 4:17. If we should be brought so low as to despair even of life, yet we may then trust in God, who can bring back not only from the gates, but from the jaws, of death. 3. What the deliverance was that they had obtained; and this was seasonable and continued. Their hope and trust were not in vain, nor shall any who trust in him be ashamed. God had delivered them, and did still deliver them, Co2 1:10. Having obtained help of God, they continued to that day, Act 26:22. 4. What use they made of this deliverance: We trust that he will yet deliver us (Co2 1:10), that God will deliver to the end, and preserve to his heavenly kingdom. Note, Past experiences are great encouragements to faith and hope, and they lay great obligations to trust in God for time to come. We reproach our experiences if we distrust God in future straits, who hath delivered as in former troubles. David, even when a young man, and when he had but a small stock of experiences, argued after the manner of the apostle here, Sa1 17:37. 5. What was desired of the Corinthians upon this account: That they would help together by prayer for them (Co2 1:11), by social prayer, agreeing and joining together in prayer on their behalf. Note, our trusting in God must not supersede the use of any proper and appointed means; and prayer is one of those means. We should pray for ourselves and for one another. The apostle had himself a great interest in the throne of grace, yet he desires the help of others' prayers. If we thus help one another by our prayers, we may hope for an occasion of giving thanks by many for answer of prayer. And it is our duty not only to help one another with prayer, but in praise and thanksgiving, and thereby to make suitable returns for benefits received.
Historical interpretation
Two Centuries of Reception
5 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.
Select a marker to jump to its quote. Markers stagger vertically where authors wrote within a few decades of each other.
"I die daily," (says he); that is, undoubtedly, in the perils of the body, in which "he even fought with beasts at Ephesus," -even with those beasts which caused him such peril and trouble in Asia, to which he alludes in his second epistle to the same church of Corinth: "For we would not, brethren, have you ignorant of our trouble which came to us in Asia, that we were pressed above measure, above strength, insomuch that we despaired even of life." Now, if I mistake not, he enumerates all these particulars in order that in his unwillingness to have his conflicts in the flesh supposed to be useless, he may induce an unfaltering belief in the resurrection of the flesh.
Paul wanted the Corinthians to know what evils he was enduring for the sake of their salvation. That way, they would not take it too badly if their own errors were admonished by people who were enduring such harsh treatment for their sake.
"For we would not, Brethren, have you ignorant concerning our affliction which befell us in Asia."
"These things we speak," saith he, "that ye may not be ignorant of what befell us; for we wish, yea have earnestly endeavored, that ye should know our affairs:" which is a very high proof of love. Of this even in the former Epistle he had before given notice, where he said, "For a great door and effectual is opened to me at Ephesus, and there are many adversaries." Putting them then in mind of this, and recounting how much he suffered, he saith, "I would not have you ignorant of our affliction which befell us in Asia." And in his Epistle to the Ephesians too he said the same. For having sent Tychicus to them, he gives this as the reason of his journey: whence he saith, "But that ye also may know my affairs, and how I do, Tychicus, the beloved brother and faithful minister in the Lord, shall make known to you all things; whom I have sent unto you for this very purpose, that ye may know our state, and that he may comfort your hearts." And in other Epistles also he doeth the very same. Nor is it superfluous, but even exceedingly necessary: both because of his exceeding affection for the disciples, and because of their continued trials; wherein the knowledge of each other's fortunes was a very great comfort; so that if these were calamitous, they might be prepared both to be energetic and to be safer against falling; or if these were good, they might rejoice with them.
He here, however, speaketh as well of being delivered from trials as of being assaulted by them, saying, "We were weighed down exceedingly, beyond our power." Like a vessel sinking under some mighty burden. He may seem to have said, only one thing here "exceedingly" and "beyond our power:" it is, however, not one but two; for lest one should object, "What then? granting the peril were exceeding, yet it was not great to you;" he added, it both was great and surpassed our strength, yea, so surpassed it, "That we despaired even of life."
That is, we had no longer any expectation of living. What David calleth "the gates of hell, the pangs" and "the shadow of death," this he expresseth by saying, "We endured peril pregnant with certain death."
Paul recounts his own sufferings so that the Corinthians will realize that what they are going through is nothing by comparison. The disciple who grieves over his own hurt will be comforted when he sees that his master is suffering far more.
I think that Paul is referring here to the riot at Ephesus which was provoked by Demetrius the silversmith..
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Summary
In 2 Corinthians 1:8, the Apostle Paul transparently reveals the profound and overwhelming suffering he and his missionary team endured in the Roman province of Asia. This verse serves as a stark testament to the extreme nature of their affliction, describing a burden so immense it surpassed human endurance and led them to utterly despair of life itself. Paul shares this intensely personal experience not to elicit pity, but to lay the groundwork for a deeper theological exposition on divine comfort, God's faithfulness in deliverance, and the transformative power of reliance on Him amidst life-threatening trials.
Context
Literary Context
This verse is strategically placed early in Paul's second letter to the Corinthian church, following his opening salutation and a profound doxology that introduces God as "the Father of mercies and God of all comfort" (2 Corinthians 1:3). Paul immediately connects this divine comfort to his own suffering, explaining that God comforts him in his affliction so that he, in turn, can comfort others (2 Corinthians 1:4). Verse 2 Corinthians 1:8 then provides the concrete example of the "trouble" that necessitated such comfort, setting the stage for his subsequent declaration of reliance on God alone, who raises the dead (2 Corinthians 1:9). This personal testimony serves to validate his ministry and underscore the power of God, not human strength, in sustaining His servants.
Historical & Cultural Context
The "trouble which came to us in Asia" most likely refers to a severe crisis Paul and his companions faced during their extended ministry in Ephesus, the capital of the Roman province of Asia (modern-day western Turkey). While the exact nature of this "trouble" is debated among scholars—possibilities include a life-threatening illness, intense persecution from Jewish or Gentile opposition (like the riot involving Demetrius the silversmith, as described in Acts 19:23-41), or even a direct demonic attack—the language used implies a physical and existential threat. Ephesus was a major center for pagan worship, particularly of Artemis (Diana), and a hub of commerce and intellectual activity. Paul's vibrant and effective ministry there would have naturally provoked strong opposition from those whose livelihoods or beliefs were threatened by the Gospel's advance. The Roman legal system, while generally providing some protection for Roman citizens, could be slow or ineffective in remote provinces, leaving missionaries vulnerable.
Key Themes
This verse powerfully contributes to several overarching themes in 2 Corinthians and Paul's theology. Firstly, it highlights the reality of Christian suffering as an unavoidable part of faithful ministry, demonstrating that even apostles are not exempt from extreme hardship. Secondly, it introduces the theme of divine comfort and deliverance, which is intimately linked to suffering; Paul's experience of despair serves to magnify God's subsequent intervention. Thirdly, it underscores the critical theme of reliance on God alone, particularly when human strength and resources are utterly exhausted. This vulnerability, paradoxically, becomes the conduit for God's power, as seen in Paul's later declaration about God's strength being made perfect in weakness (2 Corinthians 12:9). Finally, it exemplifies apostolic authenticity and vulnerability, as Paul openly shares his personal struggles to foster deeper trust and understanding with the Corinthian church, rather than projecting an image of invincibility.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
This word, derived from a verb meaning "to press" or "to crush," denotes intense pressure, affliction, anguish, or tribulation. It is not merely an inconvenience but a severe burden that causes deep distress, often used in the New Testament to describe suffering for the sake of the Gospel. Here, it conveys the crushing weight of the experience Paul and his companions endured.
Meaning "to weigh down (figuratively)," this term emphasizes the overwhelming and oppressive nature of the affliction. Coupled with "out of measure," it paints a picture of being burdened beyond any normal or expected limit, crushed under an unbearable weight.
This powerful verb, meaning "to be utterly at a loss" or "without resource," signifies a state of complete hopelessness and profound despair. It implies that all human avenues for escape or survival were exhausted, leading to a total surrender of hope for life itself.
Verse Breakdown
"For we would not, brethren, have you ignorant of our trouble which came to us in Asia,"
Paul initiates a deeply personal disclosure, using "for" (G1063, gár) to connect this explanation to his earlier statements about God's comfort. He addresses the Corinthians as "brethren," emphasizing their shared spiritual family. His intent is not to boast or complain, but to ensure they are fully informed about the severe "trouble" (G2347, thlîpsis) that "came to us" (G1096, gínomai) in the Roman province of "Asia" (G773, Asía). This transparency is crucial for the Corinthians to understand the nature of his ministry and the source of his confidence.
"that we were pressed out of measure, above strength,"
This clause vividly describes the intensity of the affliction. The phrase "pressed out of measure" (G2596, katá G5236, hyperbolḗ) means they were burdened to an extraordinary degree, beyond all normal limits, like being crushed under an immense weight. The addition "above strength" (G5228, hypér G1411, dýnamis) further clarifies that the burden exceeded their natural human capacity or "power" (G1411, dýnamis) to endure or overcome. This was a trial that pushed them beyond their breaking point.
"insomuch that we despaired even of life:"
This final phrase reveals the ultimate consequence and psychological impact of the "trouble." The severity was such that it led them to "despair" (G1820, exaporéomai), signifying a complete loss of hope, even for their own "life" (G2198, záō). This was not a fleeting moment of discouragement but a profound, existential crisis where they genuinely believed their end was near, highlighting the life-threatening nature of the ordeal.
Literary Devices
Paul employs several powerful literary devices in this verse to convey the gravity of his experience. The use of hyperbole is evident in phrases like "pressed out of measure" and "above strength," which emphasize the extraordinary and humanly unbearable nature of the affliction, stretching beyond normal limits of endurance. This exaggerated language effectively communicates the profound intensity of their suffering. Furthermore, the phrase "despaired even of life" is a form of pathos, designed to evoke a strong emotional response in the reader, highlighting the depth of their hopelessness and the genuine threat to their existence. The overall tone is one of raw vulnerability and transparency, as Paul, a spiritual giant, openly admits his weakness and the limits of his human capacity, which serves to build trust and relatability with his audience.
Theological and Thematic Connections
This profound declaration of extreme suffering in 2 Corinthians 1:8 is not an isolated lament but a cornerstone for understanding Paul's theology of suffering and divine power. It reveals that God often leads His servants through trials that exceed human capacity, precisely so that they might learn to rely not on themselves, but on God alone, "who raises the dead" (2 Corinthians 1:9). This experience of utter despair becomes the fertile ground for a deeper, more profound faith, demonstrating that God's strength is most clearly revealed in human weakness. It challenges any triumphalist theology that suggests faith exempts believers from intense hardship, instead affirming that suffering can be a crucible for spiritual growth and a powerful testimony to God's sustaining grace.
Reflection and Application
Paul's raw honesty in 2 Corinthians 1:8 provides immense comfort and practical guidance for believers navigating their own trials. It normalizes the experience of feeling overwhelmed, acknowledging that even the most devoted servants of God can face circumstances that push them "above strength" and lead to genuine despair. This verse liberates us from the false notion that strong faith means never feeling weak or hopeless. Instead, it invites us to embrace our human limitations, recognizing that it is precisely in these moments of utter helplessness that we are most primed to experience God's miraculous power and comfort. Our despair can become the very pathway to discovering a deeper, more radical reliance on Him, transforming our suffering into a powerful testimony of His faithfulness.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
What was the specific "trouble" Paul faced in Asia that led him to despair?
While Paul vividly describes the intensity of the "trouble" in 2 Corinthians 1:8, he intentionally leaves its specific nature ambiguous. This ambiguity allows the experience to resonate broadly with all forms of intense suffering. Scholars have proposed several possibilities based on other New Testament accounts and historical context:
Regardless of the precise nature, the key takeaway is its extreme severity, pushing Paul and his companions beyond human endurance.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Paul's experience of utter despair and reliance on God in 2 Corinthians 1:8-9 finds its ultimate fulfillment and meaning in the person and work of Jesus Christ. Christ Himself entered into the depths of human suffering, experiencing profound anguish and despair, even crying out "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" on the cross (Matthew 27:46). His crucifixion represents the ultimate "trouble," a burden "above strength" that led to His death, yet it was precisely through this death that God's greatest power—resurrection—was unleashed (Romans 8:11). Just as Paul learned to rely on "God who raises the dead," so too believers find their hope and deliverance in the resurrected Christ. Our suffering, when united with Christ's, becomes a participation in His redemptive work (Colossians 1:24), transforming our weakness into a testimony of His indwelling strength and the promise of ultimate victory over death and despair through Him (1 Corinthians 15:57).