TRV
Translation
King James Version
And Jonathan answered and said to Adonijah, Verily our lord king David hath made Solomon king.
Complete Jewish Bible
Yonatan answered Adoniyah, "The truth is, our lord King David has made Shlomo king.
Berean Standard Bible
“Not at all,” Jonathan replied. “Our lord King David has made Solomon king.
American Standard Version
And Jonathan answered and said to Adonijah, Verily our lord king David hath made Solomon king:
World English Bible Messianic
Jonathan answered Adonijah, “Most certainly our lord king David has made Solomon king.
Geneva Bible (1599)
And Ionathan answered, and said to Adoniiah, Verely our lord King Dauid hath made Salomon King.
Young's Literal Translation
And Jonathan answereth and saith to Adonijah, `Verily our lord king David hath caused Solomon to reign,
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In the KJVVerse 8,761 of 31,102
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Commentary on 1 Kings 1 verses 41–53
41 ¶ And Adonijah and all the guests that were with him heard it as they had made an end of eating. And when Joab heard the sound of the trumpet, he said, Wherefore is this noise of the city being in an uproar?
42 And while he yet spake, behold, Jonathan the son of Abiathar the priest came: and Adonijah said unto him, Come in; for thou art a valiant man, and bringest good tidings.
43 And Jonathan answered and said to Adonijah, Verily our lord king David hath made Solomon king.
44 And the king hath sent with him Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites, and the Pelethites, and they have caused him to ride upon the king's mule:
45 And Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet have anointed him king in Gihon: and they are come up from thence rejoicing, so that the city rang again. This is the noise that ye have heard.
46 And also Solomon sitteth on the throne of the kingdom.
47 And moreover the king's servants came to bless our lord king David, saying, God make the name of Solomon better than thy name, and make his throne greater than thy throne. And the king bowed himself upon the bed.
48 And also thus said the king, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, which hath given one to sit on my throne this day, mine eyes even seeing it.
49 And all the guests that were with Adonijah were afraid, and rose up, and went every man his way.
50 And Adonijah feared because of Solomon, and arose, and went, and caught hold on the horns of the altar.
51 And it was told Solomon, saying, Behold, Adonijah feareth king Solomon: for, lo, he hath caught hold on the horns of the altar, saying, Let king Solomon swear unto me to day that he will not slay his servant with the sword.
52 And Solomon said, If he will shew himself a worthy man, there shall not an hair of him fall to the earth: but if wickedness shall be found in him, he shall die.
53 So king Solomon sent, and they brought him down from the altar. And he came and bowed himself to king Solomon: and Solomon said unto him, Go to thine house.
We have here,
I. The tidings of Solomon's inauguration brought to Adonijah and his party, in the midst of their jollity: They had made an end of eating, and, it should seem, it was a great while before they made an end, for all the affair of Solomon's anointing was ordered and finished while they were at dinner, glutting themselves. Thus those who serve not our Lord Christ, but oppose him, are commonly such as serve their own belly (Rom 16:18) and made a god of it, Phi 3:19. Their long feast intimates likewise that they were very secure and confident of their interest, else they would not have lost so much time. The old world and Sodom were eating and drinking, secure and sensual, when their destruction came, Luk 17:26, etc. When they made an end of eating, and were preparing themselves to proclaim their king, and bring him in triumph into the city, they heard the sound of the trumpet (Kg1 1:41), and a dreadful sound it was in their ears, Job 15:21. Joab was an old man, and was alarmed at it, apprehending the city to be in an uproar; but Adonijah was very confident that the messenger, being a worthy man, brought good tidings, Kg1 1:42. Usurpers flatter themselves with the hopes of success, and those are commonly least timorous whose condition is most dangerous. But how can those who do evil deeds expect to have good tidings? No, the worthiest man will bring them the worst news, as the priest's son did here to Adonijah, Kg1 1:43. "Verily, the best tidings I have to bring you is that Solomon is made king, so that your pretensions are all quashed." He relates to them very particularly, 1. With what great solemnity Solomon was made king (Kg1 1:44, Kg1 1:45), and that he was now sitting on the throne of the kingdom, Kg1 1:46. Adonijah thought to have stepped into the throne before him, but Solomon was too quick for him. 2. With what general satisfaction Solomon was made king, so that that which was done was not likely to be undone again. (1.) The people were pleased, witness their joyful acclamations, Kg1 1:45. (2.) The courtiers were pleased: The kings servants attended him with an address of congratulation upon this occasion, Kg1 1:47. We have here the heads of their address: They blessed king David, applauded his prudent care for the public welfare, acknowledged their happiness under his government, and prayed heartily for his recovery. They also prayed for Solomon, that God would make his name better than his father's, which it might well be when he had his father's foundation to build upon. A child, on a giant's shoulders, is higher than the giant himself. (3.) The king himself was pleased: He bowed himself upon the bed, not only to signify his acceptance of his servants' address, but to offer up his own address to God (Kg1 1:48): "Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, who, as Israel's God, for Israel's good, has brought this matter to such a happy issue, my eyes even seeing it." Note, It is a great satisfaction to good men, when they are going out of the world, to see the affairs of their families in a good posture, their children rising up in their stead to serve God and their generation, and especially to see peace upon Israel and the establishment of it.
II. The effectual crush which this gave to Adonijah's attempt. It spoiled the sport of his party, dispersed the company, and obliged every man to shift for his own safety. The triumphing of the wicked is short. They were building a castle in the air, which, having no foundation, would soon fall and crush them. They were afraid of being taken in the fact, while they were together hatching their treason, and therefore each one made the best of his way.
III. The terror Adonijah himself was in, and the course he took to secure himself. he was now as much depressed as he had been elevated, Kg1 1:42, Kg1 1:50. He had despised Solomon as not worthy to be his guest (Kg1 1:10), but now he dreads him as his judge: He feared because of Solomon. Thus those who oppose Christ and his kingdom will shortly be made to tremble before him, and call in vain to rocks and mountains to shelter them from his wrath. He took hold on the horns of the altar, which was always looked upon as a sanctuary, or place of refuge (Exo 21:14), intimating hereby that he durst not stand a trial, but threw himself upon the mercy of his prince, in suing for which he relied upon no other plea than the mercy of God, which was manifested in the institution and acceptance of the sacrifices that were offered on that altar and the remission of sin thereupon. Perhaps Adonijah had formerly slighted the service of the altar, yet now he courts the protection of it. Many who in the day of their security neglect the great salvation, under the arrests of the terrors of the Lord would gladly be beholden to Christ and his merit, and, when it is too late, will catch hold of the horns of the altar.
IV. His humble address to Solomon for mercy. By those who brought Solomon tidings where he was, he sent a request for his life (Kg1 1:51): Let king Solomon swear to me that he will not slay his servant. He owns Solomon for his prince, and himself his servant, dares not justify himself, but makes supplication to his judge. It was a great change with him. He that in the morning was grasping at a crown is before night begging for his life. Then Adonijah reigned, now Adonijah trembles, and cannot think himself safe unless Solomon promise, with an oath, not to put him to death.
V. The orders Solomon gave concerning him. He discharges him upon his good behaviour, Kg1 1:52, Kg1 1:53. He considered that Adonijah was his brother, and that it was the first offence. Perhaps, being so soon made sensible of his error and then not persisting in his rebellion, he might prove not only a peaceable, but a serviceable subject, and therefore, if he will conduct himself well for the future, what is past shall be pardoned: but if he be fond disaffected, turbulent, and aspiring, this offence shall be remembered against him, he shall be called up upon his former conviction (as our law speaks), and execution shall be awarded against him. Thus the Son of David receives those to mercy that have been rebellious: if they will return to their allegiance, and be faithful to their Sovereign, their former crimes shall not be mentioned against them; but, if still they continue in the interests of the world and the flesh, this will be their ruin. Adonijah is sent for, and told upon what terms he stands, which he signifies his grateful submission to, and then is told to go to his house and live retired there. Solomon not only gave him his life, but his estate, thus establishing his throne by mercy.
Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers verses 41–53. Public domain.
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Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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SUMMARY
This serves as the climactic and decisive announcement that shatters the illicit power grab of Adonijah, King David's fourth son. Delivered by Jonathan, the son of Abiathar, this verse definitively proclaims to Adonijah and his co-conspirators that King David has, with full authority and divine sanction, publicly enthroned Solomon as his successor. It marks the irrefutable end of Adonijah's premature rebellion, confirming the legitimate transfer of power and the unfolding of God's sovereign plan for the Davidic dynasty.
CONTEXT
Literary Context: This pivotal verse stands at the dramatic apex of the succession narrative detailed in 1 Kings chapter 1. The chapter opens by establishing King David's advanced age and physical frailty, creating a power vacuum that Adonijah, David's ambitious fourth son, attempts to exploit. Adonijah gathers influential allies, including Joab, the commander of the army, and Abiathar, a prominent priest, and proceeds to proclaim himself king without David's knowledge or consent. However, this audacious coup is swiftly countered by the intervention of Nathan the prophet and Bathsheba, Solomon's mother, who alert the ailing David to Adonijah's usurpation. Roused to action, David immediately reaffirms his sacred oath to Bathsheba that Solomon would indeed succeed him (1 Kings 1:30). He then issues specific commands for Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah, the commander of his bodyguard, to anoint Solomon at Gihon and publicly proclaim him king throughout Jerusalem (1 Kings 1:32-40). As Adonijah and his guests are feasting and celebrating their presumed victory, Jonathan, ironically the son of Abiathar (who had sided with Adonijah), arrives to deliver the devastating news of Solomon's legitimate enthronement, making 1 Kings 1:43 the definitive announcement that abruptly ends Adonijah's illicit ambitions.
Historical & Cultural Context: The succession to the throne in ancient Israel, particularly during the early monarchy, was not exclusively determined by primogeniture. While the eldest son often held a strong claim, the reigning king possessed the prerogative to designate his successor, frequently with divine guidance or prophetic endorsement. David himself was chosen by God over his elder brothers (1 Samuel 16:6-13). The anointing with oil, as performed for Solomon, was a sacred and public ritual signifying divine appointment and the transfer of legitimate authority, thereby making the king a "messiah" or "anointed one" (1 Samuel 10:1). The subsequent public proclamation, accompanied by trumpet blasts and shouts of "Long live the king!", was crucial for establishing the new monarch's legitimacy and securing popular allegiance. Adonijah's actions, therefore, constituted a clear act of usurpation—a rebellion against the established king's authority and, more profoundly, against God's revealed will, as God had already indicated Solomon as David's chosen heir (1 Chronicles 22:9-10). The feasting and celebration by Adonijah's party were customary ways to solidify a claim to power, but in this instance, they proved to be tragically premature and ill-fated.
Key Themes: 1 Kings 1:43 powerfully encapsulates several overarching themes prevalent in 1 Kings and the broader Deuteronomistic History. Foremost among these is the theme of Legitimate Succession vs. Usurpation. Adonijah's attempt to seize the throne through human ambition and political maneuvering stands in stark contrast to David's divinely sanctioned appointment of Solomon, highlighting that true authority flows from God's will, not from human schemes. This directly connects to the theme of Divine Sovereignty, demonstrating that despite human plots and rebellion, God's ultimate plan for the Davidic line prevails. David's decisive action, prompted by prophetic counsel, ensures that God's promise regarding the stability of his kingdom and the anointing of his chosen heir is upheld (2 Samuel 7:12-16). Furthermore, the verse underscores the Consequences of Rebellion, as Adonijah's premature celebration is abruptly shattered by the undeniable reality of Solomon's enthronement, foreshadowing the eventual downfall of those who oppose God's established order and seek to thwart His purposes.
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
1 Kings 1:43 employs several potent Literary Devices. Dramatic Irony is paramount, as Adonijah and his guests are reveling in their perceived triumph, completely unaware that at that very moment, the legitimate king, David, has already enthroned Solomon. Jonathan's arrival and blunt declaration shatter this illusion, creating a stark Contrast between Adonijah's illicit ambition and David's decisive, rightful action. The single word "Verily" acts as a Climax of the immediate narrative tension, delivering the definitive blow to Adonijah's plot. Furthermore, the entire scene functions as a powerful Foreshadowing of the ultimate triumph of God's chosen king over all opposition, a theme that resonates throughout the biblical narrative. The swiftness of the news and its devastating impact on Adonijah's party also highlight the Power of the Spoken Word and royal decree in ancient Near Eastern culture, where a king's pronouncement carried absolute authority.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
1 Kings 1:43 profoundly illustrates the biblical principle that God's sovereign will and established order will ultimately prevail over human ambition and illicit schemes. It underscores the importance of legitimate authority, not merely as a political construct, but as a reflection of divine appointment. David's act of making Solomon king was not arbitrary; it was the fulfillment of a divine promise and a prophetic word, demonstrating that God orchestrates history to achieve His purposes. This narrative serves as a powerful reminder that seeking power or position outside of God's will and established channels often leads to swift and certain downfall, while obedience and trust in His plan lead to true stability and blessing.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
This verse offers a profound lesson for believers today about trusting in God's sovereignty and respecting the authorities He establishes. In a world often characterized by power struggles, ambition, and attempts to seize control, 1 Kings 1:43 reminds us that true authority and lasting success come from God's hand, not from human manipulation or self-promotion. It calls us to examine our own hearts: Do we seek to advance our own agendas, or are we content to serve within the spheres God has appointed for us? Do we trust that God's plans, even when they seem slow or unclear, will ultimately triumph over all opposition? This passage encourages humility, patience, and a deep reliance on God's perfect timing and wisdom, assuring us that His purposes will always be fulfilled, regardless of the schemes of humanity. It challenges us to align our desires with His will, finding peace and security in His divine governance rather than striving for fleeting earthly gains.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Why was Jonathan, Abiathar's son, the one to deliver this news to Adonijah, given that his father had sided with Adonijah?
Answer: Jonathan's role in delivering the news is highly significant and adds a layer of dramatic irony and credibility. His father, Abiathar, was one of the key figures who had openly supported Adonijah's attempted coup. Jonathan himself had a history of loyalty to David, having served as a trusted messenger during Absalom's rebellion (2 Samuel 15:36). His presence at Adonijah's feast, and his subsequent delivery of the news, implies that he was either sent by David's loyalists to ensure the message was heard by Adonijah directly and without delay, or he chose to deliver it himself out of a sense of duty or perhaps to distance himself and his family from Adonijah's now-doomed cause. His message, therefore, carried undeniable credibility, coming from someone closely associated with Adonijah's own camp, making the news even more devastating and undeniable.
What does the word "Verily" (KJV) or "Surely" (NIV/ESV) signify in this context?
Answer: The word "Verily" (Hebrew: ʾăbâl', H61) is a strong affirmation, meaning "truly," "certainly," or "indeed." In this context, it signifies the absolute certainty and finality of the news Jonathan is delivering. It's not a rumor, a possibility, or a negotiation point; it's an undeniable, established fact. Jonathan uses it to emphasize that David's decision to make Solomon king is irreversible and has already been executed. It serves to shatter any lingering hope Adonijah might have had, leaving no room for doubt about the legitimacy and completion of Solomon's enthronement.
What was the immediate consequence for Adonijah and his supporters after hearing this news?
Answer: The immediate consequence for Adonijah and his supporters was utter panic and dispersal. 1 Kings 1:49 states, "And all the guests of Adonijah were afraid, and rose up, and went every man his way." Their feast and celebration turned into a scene of terror as they realized their lives were now in jeopardy for having supported a failed rebellion. Adonijah himself, fearing for his life, fled to the altar of the Lord, seeking sanctuary by grasping its horns (1 Kings 1:50). This act demonstrated his immediate recognition of Solomon's legitimate authority and his desperate plea for mercy.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The enthronement of Solomon, divinely chosen and legitimately appointed by King David, serves as a powerful type and shadow of the ultimate King, Jesus Christ. Just as Solomon's reign was established by David's authoritative decree, so too is Christ's eternal kingship established by God the Father's sovereign will and power. The Davidic Covenant, which promised an enduring dynasty and a perpetual throne (2 Samuel 7:12-16), finds its ultimate and perfect fulfillment not in Solomon, but in Jesus, the true Son of David. While Solomon's kingdom was earthly and temporary, marked by both successes and failures, Jesus' kingdom is spiritual, universal, and eternal, characterized by righteousness and peace (Luke 1:32-33). The panic and dispersal of Adonijah's rebellious party at the news of Solomon's enthronement powerfully foreshadows the ultimate defeat of all who oppose Christ's reign. One day, every knee will bow and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord (Philippians 2:10-11), and He will reign as King of Kings and Lord of Lords forever. The certainty of Solomon's kingship, declared with "Verily," pales in comparison to the absolute certainty of Christ's present and future reign, a truth that brings both judgment to the rebellious and eternal hope and salvation to those who submit to His gracious and righteous rule.