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Commentary on 1 Corinthians 7 verses 36–38
In this passage the apostle is commonly supposed to give advice about the disposal of children in marriage, upon the principle of his former determination. In this view the general meaning is plain. It was in that age, and those parts of the world, and especially among the Jews, reckoned a disgrace for a woman to remain unmarried past a certain number of years: it gave a suspicion of somewhat that was not for her reputation. "Now," says the apostle, "if any man thinks he behaves unhandsomely towards his daughter, and that it is not for her credit to remain unmarried, when she is of full age, and that upon this principle it is needful to dispose of her in marriage, he may use his pleasure. It is no sin in him to dispose of her to a suitable mate. But if a man has determined in himself to keep her a virgin, and stands to this determination, and is under no necessity to dispose of her in marriage, but is at liberty, with her consent, to pursue his purpose, he does well in keeping her a virgin. In short, he that gives her in marriage does well; but he that keeps her single, if she can be easy and innocent in such a state, does what is better; that is, more convenient for her in the present state of things, if not at all times and seasons." Note, 1. Children should be at the disposal of their parents, and not dispose of themselves in marriage. Yet, 2. Parents should consult their children's inclinations, both to marriage in general and to the person in particular, and not reckon they have uncontrollable power to do with them, and dictate to them, as they please. 3. It is our duty not only to consider what is lawful, but in many cases, at least, what is fit to be done, before we do it.
But I think the apostle is here continuing his former discourse, and advising unmarried persons, who are at their own disposal, what to do, the man's virgin being meant of his virginity. Tērein tēn heautou parthenon seems to be rather meant of preserving his own virginity than keeping his daughter a virgin, though it be altogether uncommon to use the word in this sense. Several other reasons may be seen in Locke and Whitby, by those who will consult them. And it was a common matter of reproach among Jews and civilized heathens, for a man to continue single beyond such a term of years, though all did not agree in limiting the single life to the same term. The general meaning of the apostle is the same, that it was no sin to marry, if a man thought there was a necessity upon, to avoid popular reproach, much less to avoid the hurrying fervours of lust. But he that was in his own power, stood firm in his purpose, and found himself under no necessity to marry, would, at that season, and in the circumstances of Christians at that time, at least, make a choice every way most for his own conveniency, ease, and advantage, as to his spiritual concerns. And it is highly expedient, if not a duty, for Christians to be guided by such a consideration.
But for him who of his own free will and purpose decides to preserve his flesh in virgin purity, "having no necessity"
It is clear from this that someone who has been overcome by apparent impropriety, even if married, is not yet firmly established in the work of the Lord.
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SUMMARY
First Corinthians 7:37 presents a commendation for the individual who, acting from a place of settled conviction and uncoerced freedom, deliberately chooses to maintain a state of celibacy for themselves or to keep their virgin daughter unmarried. This verse highlights the spiritual value of a decision made not out of necessity or external pressure, but from a firm internal resolve and full control over one's own will, affirming such a choice as pleasing in God's sight.
CONTEXT
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
The verse primarily employs Contrast with the preceding verse (1 Corinthians 7:36), highlighting the difference between a compelled decision and a free, deliberate one. There is a strong Emphasis on the internal state and agency of the individual, repeatedly using phrases like "in his heart" and "power over his own will" to underscore the intentionality and self-control involved. The phrase "standeth stedfast in his heart" is an Idiom conveying deep, unwavering resolve. The concluding phrase "doeth well" serves as a clear Affirmation and commendation of the described action, providing a positive theological judgment.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
1 Corinthians 7:37 profoundly illustrates the Christian principle of liberty within the framework of spiritual discernment. It teaches that while God establishes general principles, He also grants believers freedom in personal matters, especially when those choices are made with a clear conscience and for the sake of greater devotion to Him. This verse elevates the internal state of the heart and the exercise of a Spirit-controlled will above societal expectations or perceived necessities. It underscores that true spiritual "well-doing" is not merely about outward conformity but about inward conviction and purposeful decision-making, particularly in areas like marital status that significantly impact one's capacity for service and devotion.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
In a world that often pressures individuals into certain life paths, 1 Corinthians 7:37 offers a liberating perspective for believers. It encourages us to cultivate an inner steadfastness and to make significant life decisions, especially concerning relationships, career, or ministry, from a place of settled conviction rather than external or internal compulsion. This verse challenges us to examine our motivations: are we acting out of societal pressure, fear, or fleeting desires, or are our choices rooted in a deep, prayerful discernment of God's will for our lives? It affirms that exercising self-control and wielding "power over our own will" to pursue a path of greater devotion, even if unconventional, is highly commendable in God's eyes. This applies not only to marital status but to any significant life choice where we seek to prioritize God's kingdom and serve Him with undivided attention.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Who is "he" and "his virgin" in this verse, and how does it apply today?
Answer: The "he" is generally interpreted as a father or guardian who has a virgin daughter under his care and authority, as was customary in the ancient world. "His virgin" refers to this daughter. However, some interpretations suggest "his virgin" could refer to the man's own virginity, meaning he is deciding to remain celibate, perhaps after a betrothal. Given the broader context of 1 Corinthians 7, which addresses both singleness and marriage for individuals, both interpretations have merit, though the former is more common historically. Today, while the specific cultural context of arranged marriages by a father is less common, the underlying principles remain highly relevant. The verse speaks to the importance of making significant life decisions—especially regarding relationships and commitment—from a place of settled conviction, freedom from coercion, and intentional self-control, whether for oneself or in guiding those under one's care. It affirms the spiritual value of choosing a path of singleness or celibacy if done with purpose and devotion to God.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While 1 Corinthians 7:37 directly addresses a practical decision within a specific cultural context, its underlying principles find profound Christ-centered fulfillment. Jesus Himself lived a life of singleness, demonstrating complete and undivided devotion to the Father's will and the advancement of the Kingdom. His life exemplifies the ultimate "stedfastness in heart" and "power over His own will" as He resolutely pursued His mission, even to the cross (Luke 9:51). Furthermore, the freedom described in this verse—freedom from necessity and power over one's will—is ultimately found in Christ. Through His Spirit, believers are empowered to live not by the dictates of the flesh or the pressures of the world, but by a renewed mind and a will submitted to God (Romans 12:2). The "doeth well" of this verse is fulfilled in Christ, who is the perfect embodiment of doing the Father's will and who enables us to live lives that are pleasing and honorable to God, whether in marriage or in singleness, all for the glory of His name (Colossians 3:17).