1 Corinthians 4:5

KJV

Therefore judge nothing before the time, until the Lord come, who both will bring to light the hidden things of darkness, and will make manifest the counsels of the hearts: and then shall every man have praise of God.

KJV (with Strong's)

Therefore {G5620} judge {G2919} nothing {G3361}{G5100} before {G4253} the time {G2540}, until {G2193}{G302} the Lord {G2962} come {G2064}, who {G3739} both {G2532} will bring to light {G5461} the hidden things {G2927} of darkness {G4655}, and {G2532} will make manifest {G5319} the counsels {G1012} of the hearts {G2588}: and {G2532} then {G5119} shall every man {G1538} have {G1096} praise {G1868} of {G575} God {G2316}.

Complete Jewish Bible

So don’t pronounce judgment prematurely, before the Lord comes; for he will bring to light what is now hidden in darkness; he will expose the motives of people’s hearts; and then each will receive from God whatever praise he deserves.

Berean Standard Bible

Therefore judge nothing before the appointed time; wait until the Lord comes. He will bring to light what is hidden in darkness and will expose the motives of men’s hearts. At that time each will receive his praise from God.

American Standard Version

Wherefore judge nothing before the time, until the Lord come, who will both bring to light the hidden things of darkness, and make manifest the counsels of the hearts; and then shall each man have his praise from God.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
The Apostle Paul issues a profound directive in 1 Corinthians 4:5, admonishing believers against premature human judgment. He redirects the ultimate authority of evaluation to God alone, asserting that at the Lord's return, all hidden motives and secret deeds will be brought to light, ensuring that every individual receives just and perfect commendation from God himself. This verse serves as a crucial reminder of divine omniscience and the eschatological hope of ultimate vindication.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is situated within Paul's defense of his apostolic ministry and that of other spiritual leaders, addressing the pervasive issue of division and judgmental attitudes within the Corinthian church. The Corinthians, influenced by their cultural penchant for rhetorical skill and outward appearance, were forming factions, elevating certain leaders (like Apollos) while disparaging others, often based on superficial criteria and human wisdom rather than divine truth (as seen in [1 Corinthians 1:12](/1_corinthians/1-12 "1 Corinthians 1:12 - Divisions in Corinth") and [1 Corinthians 3:4-7](/1_corinthian/3-4-7 "1 Corinthians 3:4-7 - God Gives the Increase")). Paul consistently emphasizes that ministers are merely "stewards of the mysteries of God" ([1 Corinthians 4:1](/1_corinthians/4-1 "1 Corinthians 4:1 - Stewards of God's Mysteries")), whose true assessment rests with the Lord, not with human opinion or even self-assessment ([1 Corinthians 4:3-4](/1_corinthians/4-3-4 "1 Corinthians 4:3-4 - Paul's Indifference to Human Judgment")). [1 Corinthians 4:5](/1_corinthians/4-5 "1 Corinthians 4:5 - Judge Nothing Before the Time") serves as the climactic statement in this argument, shifting the focus entirely to God's ultimate and perfect judgment.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The city of Corinth was a bustling, cosmopolitan hub, known for its intellectualism, diverse philosophies, and a strong emphasis on public reputation and oratorical prowess. In such an environment, it was natural for the Corinthian believers to evaluate their spiritual leaders through a worldly lens, comparing their eloquence, perceived wisdom, and outward success. This cultural backdrop explains why Paul had to repeatedly counter their worldly wisdom with the "foolishness" of the cross ([1 Corinthians 1:18-25](/1_corinthians/1-18-25 "1 Corinthians 1:18-25 - The Foolishness of the Cross")) and emphasize the true nature of spiritual authority, which often manifested in weakness and suffering, not worldly prestige ([1 Corinthians 4:9-13](/1_corinthians/4-9-13 "1 Corinthians 4:9-13 - The Apostles as Spectacles")). The concept of a "steward" (οἰκονόμος) was well-understood in Roman society, referring to a trusted household manager accountable to the master, providing a powerful analogy for Paul's ministry and accountability to God.

* **Key Themes:** [1 Corinthians 4:5](/1_corinthians/4-5 "1 Corinthians 4:5 - Judge Nothing Before the Time") powerfully contributes to several major themes within the Corinthian letter and broader New Testament theology. Firstly, it underscores the **Divine Prerogative in Judgment**, asserting that final and ultimate judgment belongs exclusively to God. Human beings, lacking omniscience, are simply incapable of truly assessing another's heart or ultimate standing before God. This resonates deeply with the teaching that "we shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ" ([Romans 14:10](/romans/14-10 "Romans 14:10 - The Judgment Seat of Christ")). Secondly, the verse highlights the **Revelation of Hidden Truths**, promising that when "the Lord come," He "will bring to light the hidden things of darkness, and will make manifest the counsels of the hearts." This speaks to the future unveiling of all secret deeds, whether good or evil, and, more importantly, the true intentions and motives behind actions. What is obscure to human eyes is perfectly clear to God, for "all things are naked and open unto the eyes of him with whom we have to do" ([Hebrews 4:13](/hebrews/4-13 "Hebrews 4:13 - God's Perfect Knowledge")). Finally, the concluding phrase, "and then shall every man have praise of God," offers a profound assurance of **God's Perfect Justice and Commendation**. It implies that God's judgment is not solely punitive but also perfectly just, recognizing and commending true faithfulness and integrity, even if it was overlooked or maligned by others during their earthly lives. This is a promise of divine vindication and reward for faithful service, aligning with the idea that our works will be tested by fire ([1 Corinthians 3:13-14](/1_corinthians/3-13-14 "1 Corinthians 3:13-14 - Works Tested by Fire")).

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **judge (Greek, _krínō'_):** (G2919) This term properly signifies "to distinguish," and by extension, "to decide" (mentally or judicially). In this context, it carries the strong implication of evaluating, assessing, or passing a verdict on someone's character, motives, or ultimate spiritual standing. Paul's use of the imperative here forbids such definitive and final human assessment.
* **hidden things (Greek, _kryptós'_):** (G2927) Derived from the verb meaning "to conceal," this adjective describes that which is "concealed" or "private." It points to actions, thoughts, or intentions that are not visible or known to others, existing in secrecy or obscurity. The phrase "hidden things of darkness" emphasizes the profound concealment and often the morally questionable nature of such matters.
* **counsels (Greek, _boulḗ'_):** (G1012) From a root meaning "to will" or "to wish," this noun refers to "volition," "advice," or "purpose." When combined with "of the hearts," it denotes the deepest intentions, thoughts, and underlying purposes that originate from one's inner being—the very wellspring of one's actions and character. Only God possesses the ability to truly discern these inner counsels.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Therefore judge nothing before the time,"**: Paul issues a direct and emphatic prohibition against premature human judgment. The "time" refers to the appointed future moment of Christ's return and ultimate judgment. This command underscores the human inability to fully discern motives and the ultimate spiritual state of others.
* **"until the Lord come,"**: This clause specifies the precise moment when human judgment must cease and divine judgment will commence. "The Lord" refers to Jesus Christ, and His "coming" (Greek: _érchomai_) points to His future return, known as the Parousia, which will inaugurate the final judgment.
* **"who both will bring to light the hidden things of darkness,"**: When the Lord comes, He will act as the ultimate revealer. "Hidden things of darkness" refers to secret deeds, covert actions, and all that has been concealed in obscurity, whether good or evil. Christ's coming will illuminate and expose every secret.
* **"and will make manifest the counsels of the hearts:"**: Beyond external actions, the Lord will also "make manifest" (render apparent) the deepest "counsels" (intentions, purposes, thoughts) that reside within the "hearts" (the center of one's moral and spiritual being). This emphasizes God's perfect omniscience and His ability to discern the true motives behind all human behavior.
* **"and then shall every man have praise of God."**: This concluding promise offers a profound assurance. Once all is revealed and judged by the Lord, every individual will receive commendation or "praise" (Greek: _épainos_) that comes directly "of God." This signifies a divine, perfect, and just acknowledgment of true faithfulness and integrity, regardless of human opinion or earthly recognition.

#### Literary Devices
Paul employs several powerful literary devices in [1 Corinthians 4:5](/1_corinthians/4-5 "1 Corinthians 4:5 - Judge Nothing Before the Time") to convey his message with clarity and force. The most prominent is **Antithesis**, seen in the stark contrast between "the hidden things of darkness" and the Lord's action to "bring to light" and "make manifest." This opposition highlights the divine capacity to reveal what is otherwise concealed, emphasizing God's perfect knowledge against human ignorance. Closely related is **Symbolism**, where "darkness" symbolizes secrecy, ignorance, and sin, while "light" represents divine revelation, truth, and ultimate judgment. The phrase "the Lord come" employs **Eschatological Language**, pointing forward to the future return of Christ (the Parousia) as the definitive moment of truth and accountability. Finally, the description of the Lord actively "bringing to light" and "making manifest" uses a form of **Divine Anthropomorphism**, attributing human-like actions of revelation and discernment to God, thereby underscoring His active and personal involvement in the ultimate judgment of humanity.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
This verse profoundly shapes our understanding of divine judgment, human humility, and the nature of ultimate reward. It asserts God's absolute sovereignty and omniscience, reminding us that He alone possesses the perfect knowledge and authority to evaluate the deepest intentions of the human heart. This truth liberates believers from the burden of seeking human approval or fearing human condemnation, shifting our focus to living faithfully before the all-seeing eyes of our coming Lord. It assures us that true integrity and faithfulness, even if unseen or misunderstood by others in this life, will ultimately receive divine commendation. This perspective cultivates patience, charity, and a deep trust in God's perfect justice, knowing that all wrongs will be righted and all genuine good will be acknowledged in His appointed time.

* [Romans 14:10](/romans/14-10 "Romans 14:10 - The Judgment Seat of Christ")
* [Hebrews 4:13](/hebrews/4-13 "Hebrews 4:13 - God's Perfect Knowledge")
* [Matthew 6:4](/matthew/6-4 "Matthew 6:4 - God Sees in Secret")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
[1 Corinthians 4:5](/1_corinthians/4-5 "1 Corinthians 4:5 - Judge Nothing Before the Time") serves as a vital anchor for believers, calling us to a profound humility in our assessments of others and inspiring unwavering hope in God's perfect and righteous judgment. In a world quick to label, condemn, and cancel, Paul's admonition to "judge nothing before the time" stands as a powerful counter-cultural command. It challenges us to release our grip on the perceived right to evaluate motives and ultimate worth, entrusting that sacred prerogative solely to the Lord. This perspective fosters a spirit of grace and patience within the church, encouraging us to bear with one another's imperfections and trust that God sees the full picture, including the "counsels of the hearts." Furthermore, knowing that our deepest intentions and hidden efforts will one day be brought to light by Christ himself provides immense motivation for cultivating inner integrity over outward performance, and for pursuing faithfulness even when it goes unnoticed or unappreciated by others. It shifts our primary audience from human observers to the divine Judge, ensuring that our ultimate reward and "praise" will be from God alone, a commendation that truly matters and endures forever.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does the truth that God will bring all things to light, including the "counsels of the hearts," impact your daily choices and the motives behind your actions?**
* **In what areas of your life or relationships are you most tempted to prematurely judge others, and how can this verse reorient your perspective towards grace and patience?**
* **What comfort or challenge do you find in the promise that "then shall every man have praise of God," especially concerning efforts or sacrifices that have gone unnoticed or unappreciated by others?**

### FAQ

**Does this verse prohibit all forms of judgment among believers?**

Answer: No, [1 Corinthians 4:5](/1_corinthians/4-5 "1 Corinthians 4:5 - Judge Nothing Before the Time") does not prohibit all forms of judgment. The context indicates that Paul is primarily addressing the Corinthians' tendency to make definitive, ultimate judgments about the spiritual standing, motives, and eternal worth of others, particularly their spiritual leaders. This kind of judgment, which usurps God's role, is forbidden because humans lack the omniscience to discern hearts and hidden things. The Bible does, however, call believers to exercise discernment (e.g., [Matthew 7:15-20](/matthew/7-15-20 "Matthew 7:15-20 - You Will Know Them by Their Fruits")), to evaluate teachings ([1 John 4:1](/1_john/4-1 "1 John 4:1 - Test the Spirits")), and to address clear moral failures within the church through church discipline ([1 Corinthians 5:12-13](/1_corinthians/5-12-13 "1 Corinthians 5:12-13 - Judge Those Within")). The key distinction is between discerning actions and teachings versus condemning a person's ultimate spiritual state or hidden motives.

**What is the significance of "the Lord come" in this context?**

Answer: The phrase "the Lord come" (Greek: _érchomai_) refers to the future Second Coming of Jesus Christ, often called the Parousia. This event is central to Christian eschatology and is presented as the definitive moment of ultimate judgment and revelation. In [1 Corinthians 4:5](/1_corinthians/4-5 "1 Corinthians 4:5 - Judge Nothing Before the Time"), Paul emphasizes that it is at this future advent that Christ, as the divine Judge, will "bring to light the hidden things of darkness" and "make manifest the counsels of the hearts." This signifies that all secrets will be exposed, all motives revealed, and perfect justice will be administered, leading to God's final commendation for every individual. It underscores the certainty of divine accountability and the hope of ultimate vindication for the faithful.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
[1 Corinthians 4:5](/1_corinthians/4-5 "1 Corinthians 4:5 - Judge Nothing Before the Time") finds its ultimate fulfillment and deepest meaning in the person and work of Jesus Christ. He is "the Lord" who will indeed "come," not only as the promised Messiah but as the righteous Judge of all the earth ([John 5:22](/john/5-22 "John 5:22 - The Father Judges No One, But Has Given All Judgment to the Son")). In His first coming, Christ already began to "bring to light" the "hidden things of darkness" by exposing the hypocrisy of human religiosity and revealing the true heart of God's law ([Matthew 23:27-28](/matthew/23-27-28 "Matthew 23:27-28 - Woes to the Scribes and Pharisees")). He is the "true Light, which lighteth every man that cometh into the world" ([John 1:9](/john/1-9 "John 1:9 - The True Light")), and He himself declared, "I am the light of the world: he that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life" ([John 8:12](/john/8-12 "John 8:12 - Jesus, the Light of the World")). When He comes again, He will perfectly and fully "make manifest the counsels of the hearts," for He is the one who "searches the minds and hearts" ([Revelation 2:23](/revelation/2-23 "Revelation 2:23 - Jesus Searches Hearts")). The "praise of God" that "every man shall have" is ultimately mediated through Christ, for it is in Him that believers are accepted and declared righteous ([Ephesians 1:6](/ephesians/1-6 "Ephesians 1:6 - Accepted in the Beloved")). Our commendation from God is not based on our own merit, but on our union with Christ, whose perfect life and atoning sacrifice cover our "hidden things of darkness" and present us blameless before the Father ([Colossians 1:22](/colossians/1-22 "Colossians 1:22 - Presented Holy and Blameless")). Thus, [1 Corinthians 4:5](/1_corinthians/4-5 "1 Corinthians 4:5 - Judge Nothing Before the Time") points us to Christ as the source of all true judgment, revelation, and ultimate divine approval.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

James 5:7

Be patient therefore, brethren, unto the coming of the Lord. Behold, the husbandman waiteth for the precious fruit of the earth, and hath long patience for it, until he receive the early and latter rain.

2 Corinthians 5:10

For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ; that every one may receive the things [done] in [his] body, according to that he hath done, whether [it be] good or bad.

1 Corinthians 3:13

Every man's work shall be made manifest: for the day shall declare it, because it shall be revealed by fire; and the fire shall try every man's work of what sort it is.

Hebrews 4:13

Neither is there any creature that is not manifest in his sight: but all things [are] naked and opened unto the eyes of him with whom we have to do.

2 Corinthians 10:18

For not he that commendeth himself is approved, but whom the Lord commendeth.

Romans 2:16

In the day when God shall judge the secrets of men by Jesus Christ according to my gospel.

Romans 2:1

¶ Therefore thou art inexcusable, O man, whosoever thou art that judgest: for wherein thou judgest another, thou condemnest thyself; for thou that judgest doest the same things.