1 Chronicles 8:40

KJV

And the sons of Ulam were mighty men of valour, archers, and had many sons, and sons' sons, an hundred and fifty. All these [are] of the sons of Benjamin.

KJV (with Strong's)

And the sons {H1121} of Ulam {H198} were mighty {H1368} men {H582} of valour {H2428}, archers {H1869}{H7198}, and had many {H7235} sons {H1121}, and sons {H1121}' sons {H1121}, an hundred {H3967} and fifty {H2572}. All these are of the sons {H1121} of Benjamin {H1144}.

Complete Jewish Bible

The sons of Ulam were strong, brave men, archers; they had many children and grandchildren, a hundred and fifty. All these were descendants of Binyamin.

Berean Standard Bible

Ulam was his firstborn, Jeush second, and Eliphelet third. The sons of Ulam were mighty men of valor, archers, and they had many sons and grandsons—150 in all. All these were the descendants of Benjamin.

American Standard Version

And the sons of Ulam were mighty men of valor, archers, and had many sons, and sons’ sons, a hundred and fifty. All these were of the sons of Benjamin.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
1 Chronicles 8:40 details the descendants of Ulam, a prominent figure within the tribe of Benjamin. The verse highlights their significant military prowess, describing them as "mighty men of valour" and skilled "archers." It further emphasizes their numerous progeny, noting 150 sons and grandsons, signifying a flourishing and blessed family line. This specific genealogical entry underscores the importance of tribal identity, military contribution, and the blessing of abundant offspring within the post-exilic community's re-establishment.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is situated within the extensive genealogical records found in [1 Chronicles 7-9](/1_chronicles/7 "1 Chronicles 7-9 - Genealogies of Israel"). These chapters meticulously trace the lineages of the various Israelite tribes, particularly focusing on the post-exilic community's re-establishment of identity and heritage. Specifically, [1 Chronicles 8](/1_chronicles/8 "1 Chronicles 8 - The Sons of Benjamin") is dedicated to the tribe of Benjamin, a significant tribe from which Israel's first king, Saul, originated. Verse 40 appears towards the end of this detailed Benjaminite genealogy, providing a specific and notable entry for the family of Ulam, emphasizing their distinct characteristics and contribution to the tribal strength and continuity. The Chronicler's intent is to demonstrate the unbroken line of God's covenant people, even after the Babylonian exile.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The book of Chronicles was likely compiled during the post-exilic period (c. 450-400 BC), when the returned exiles were rebuilding their lives, their temple, and their national identity in Judah. Genealogies were not mere lists; they served crucial practical and theological functions. They established land rights, confirmed eligibility for priestly and Levitical service, and affirmed tribal and family identities in a disrupted society. The description of Ulam's descendants as "mighty men of valour" and "archers" reflects the ongoing need for military strength and defense in a volatile ancient Near Eastern environment. Furthermore, a large family with "many sons, and sons' sons" was considered a profound blessing from God in ancient Israelite culture, signifying prosperity, divine favor, and the continuation of the family name and heritage, ensuring the future of the community.

* **Key Themes:** This verse contributes to several overarching themes within Chronicles and the broader biblical narrative. Firstly, it highlights the theme of **Genealogical Continuity and Identity**, underscoring the meticulous preservation of tribal and family lines, which was vital for the returned exiles to reconnect with their heritage and understand their place within God's covenant people. This emphasis on lineage is seen throughout the Old Testament, from [Genesis 5](/genesis/5 "Genesis 5 - Adam to Noah Genealogy") to the post-exilic lists in [Ezra 2](/ezra/2 "Ezra 2 - List of Exiles Who Returned"). Secondly, the description of "mighty men of valour" and "archers" points to the theme of **Strength and Military Prowess**, indicating the practical contributions of various families to the tribe's and nation's defense. This highlights that God equips different individuals and families with diverse strengths for His overarching purposes, as seen in the military exploits of figures like [Gideon in Judges 6:12](/judges/6-12 "Judges 6:12 - Gideon, a Mighty Man of Valor"). Lastly, the mention of "many sons, and sons' sons" emphasizes the theme of **Prosperity and Divine Blessing**, as numerous progeny was a clear sign of God's favor and faithfulness, fulfilling promises like those given to [Abraham in Genesis 12:2](/genesis/12-2 "Genesis 12:2 - God's Promise of Many Descendants to Abraham") and reiterated in [Psalm 127:3-5](/psalms/127-3 "Psalm 127:3-5 - Children are a Heritage from the Lord").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Mighty men of valour (Hebrew, _gibborim'_):** This term denotes strong, valiant, or heroic warriors. It is frequently used in the Old Testament to describe individuals of great strength, courage, and military capability, often referring to elite soldiers or champions. Its use here indicates that the sons of Ulam were not merely numerous but also formidable and respected fighters, contributing significantly to the military strength of the tribe of Benjamin.
* **Archers (Hebrew, _qeshet'_):** This specifies a particular military skill. Archery was a crucial and highly valued form of warfare in ancient times, requiring significant training, strength, and precision. The tribe of Benjamin was particularly renowned for its skilled warriors, including slingers and archers, as evidenced in passages like [Judges 20:16](/judges/20-16 "Judges 20:16 - Benjaminite Slingers"). This detail highlights their specialized contribution to the defense of Israel.
* **Sons, and sons' sons (Hebrew, _banim u-bene banim'_):** This phrase emphasizes multiple generations of male descendants. In ancient Israelite culture, a large family, especially with many sons, was considered a profound blessing from God. This detail signifies not only the current prosperity of Ulam's lineage but also its enduring continuity and future strength, ensuring the preservation of the family name and heritage.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And the sons of Ulam were mighty men of valour, archers":** This clause identifies the distinguishing characteristics of Ulam's descendants. They were recognized for their physical strength, courage, and specific military expertise in archery. This highlights their active role in the defense and security of their tribe and the nation of Israel.
* **"and had many sons, and sons' sons, an hundred and fifty":** This part details the numerical strength of Ulam's lineage. The phrase "many sons, and sons' sons" indicates a flourishing family line extending over at least two generations beyond the immediate sons. The specific number "an hundred and fifty" quantifies this blessing, emphasizing their significant contribution to the tribal population and continuity.
* **"All these [are] of the sons of Benjamin":** This concluding statement firmly places this notable lineage within the tribal framework. It serves to reinforce their identity as part of the tribe of Benjamin, connecting them to the broader Israelite family and its covenant heritage. This affirmation of tribal affiliation was crucial for identity and land rights in the post-exilic period.

#### Literary Devices
The primary literary device employed in 1 Chronicles 8:40, as with much of the book, is **Genealogy**. This meticulous listing of lineages serves not just as a historical record but also as a theological statement, affirming the continuity of God's covenant people and their identity even after exile. The verse also uses **Descriptive Language** ("mighty men of valour," "archers") to characterize the individuals, moving beyond mere names to convey their significant attributes and contributions. Furthermore, the phrasing "many sons, and sons' sons" employs a form of **Emphasis** or **Repetition** to underscore the blessing of numerous progeny, a key indicator of divine favor and prosperity in ancient Israel. The precise number "an hundred and fifty" provides **Specificity**, lending credibility and weight to the record.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
1 Chronicles 8:40, though a seemingly simple genealogical entry, offers profound theological insights. It reveals God's meticulous attention to detail and His sovereign hand in preserving His people, even through what might appear to be mundane lists. The emphasis on lineage underscores the importance of identity within God's covenant community; knowing one's place within the family of faith is foundational. The description of "mighty men of valour" and "archers" illustrates that God equips His people with diverse gifts and strengths, all intended to contribute to the well-being and defense of the whole. The blessing of numerous descendants highlights God's faithfulness to His promises of fruitfulness and multiplication, ensuring the continuation of His people through generations. This verse reminds us that every individual and family, with their unique attributes, plays a vital role in God's larger redemptive plan.

* [Genesis 49:27](/genesis/49-27 "Genesis 49:27 - Jacob's Prophecy for Benjamin")
* [Psalm 127:3](/psalms/127-3 "Psalm 127:3 - Children are a Heritage from the Lord")
* [Nehemiah 11:4-9](/nehemiah/11-4 "Nehemiah 11:4-9 - Descendants of Judah and Benjamin in Jerusalem")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
While rooted in an ancient genealogical record, 1 Chronicles 8:40 provides timeless principles for our lives today. It encourages us to appreciate the rich heritage of faith that has been passed down through generations, recognizing that we are part of a larger story of God's faithfulness. Just as the sons of Ulam contributed their unique military skills and family growth to the tribe of Benjamin, we are called to identify and utilize our diverse gifts and strengths for the building up of the body of Christ. Not everyone is called to the same role, but every contribution is valued by God. Furthermore, the emphasis on "many sons, and sons' sons" serves as a powerful reminder of the biblical value placed on family and the intentional nurturing of future generations. How are we investing in the spiritual and physical well-being of the next generation, recognizing them as a blessing and a vital part of God's ongoing work in the world?

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does understanding our spiritual heritage and the lineage of faith connect us to God's ongoing story and shape our identity in Christ?**
* **In what ways does God equip diverse individuals within the church with unique strengths and skills, and how can we better recognize and affirm these contributions?**
* **What practical steps can we take, individually and communally, to intentionally invest in and nurture the next generations, recognizing them as a vital blessing from God?**

### FAQ
**Why are these genealogies so detailed in Chronicles, and what is their relevance today?**

Answer: The detailed genealogies in Chronicles were crucial for the post-exilic community in ancient Israel. They served practical purposes like establishing land rights, confirming eligibility for priestly and Levitical service, and re-establishing tribal and family identities after the disruption of exile. Theologically, they affirmed God's covenant faithfulness in preserving a remnant and demonstrating the continuity of Israel's history. For us today, they remind us of God's meticulous care for His people, the importance of our spiritual heritage, and that every part of God's story, even the seemingly mundane, has purpose and significance in His grand plan. They also point to the ultimate lineage of Christ, through whom our true spiritual identity is found.

**What is the significance of the "sons of Ulam" being described as "mighty men of valour" and "archers"?**

Answer: This description highlights their military strength and specific combat skills. In ancient Israel, such attributes were essential for tribal defense and contribution to national security. The tribe of Benjamin was particularly renowned for its skilled warriors, including slingers and archers, as seen in [Judges 20:16](/judges/20-16 "Judges 20:16 - Benjaminite Slingers"). This detail signifies that Ulam's descendants were not just numerous but also valuable assets to their community, contributing actively to its protection and well-being. It underscores that God uses diverse gifts and roles within His people to achieve His purposes.

**Why is the emphasis on "many sons, and sons' sons, an hundred and fifty" so prominent in this verse?**

Answer: In ancient Israelite culture, a numerous progeny, especially many sons, was considered a profound blessing from God. It signified prosperity, divine favor, and the continuation of the family line and heritage. This emphasis reflects God's faithfulness to His promises of fruitfulness and multiplication, first given to [Abraham in Genesis 12:2](/genesis/12-2 "Genesis 12:2 - God's Promise to Abraham"). A large family ensured the continuity of the covenant people and contributed to the strength and growth of the tribe and nation. It reminds us that children are a heritage from the Lord, as affirmed in [Psalm 127:3](/psalms/127-3 "Psalm 127:3 - Children are a Heritage from the Lord").

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While 1 Chronicles 8:40 details an earthly lineage and military prowess, it ultimately points to the greater spiritual reality found in Christ. The meticulous genealogies in Chronicles, including this specific entry for Ulam's descendants, serve to underscore God's sovereign preservation of a people through whom the Messiah would ultimately come. Jesus Christ is the ultimate "mighty man of valour," not in earthly combat, but in His decisive victory over sin, death, and the powers of darkness through His sacrificial death and resurrection ([Colossians 2:15](/colossians/2-15 "Colossians 2:15 - Christ's Triumph Over Powers")). He is the true "seed" promised to Abraham, through whom all nations are blessed and receive their spiritual heritage ([Galatians 3:16](/galatians/3-16 "Galatians 3:16 - The Seed is Christ")). The "many sons" of Ulam foreshadow the countless spiritual children God gathers through Christ's redemptive work, making us "sons of God" by faith in Him ([John 1:12](/john/1-12 "John 1:12 - Children of God by Faith")) and co-heirs with Him in His eternal kingdom ([Romans 8:17](/romans/8-17 "Romans 8:17 - Heirs with Christ")). Our true identity and belonging are no longer primarily defined by earthly lineage but by our adoption into God's family through Christ, the ultimate fulfillment of all God's promises and the head of a new, spiritual lineage that transcends all earthly boundaries.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Psalms 128:3

Thy wife [shall be] as a fruitful vine by the sides of thine house: thy children like olive plants round about thy table.

Psalms 128:6

Yea, thou shalt see thy children's children, [and] peace upon Israel.

1 Chronicles 12:2

[They were] armed with bows, and could use both the right hand and the left in [hurling] stones and [shooting] arrows out of a bow, [even] of Saul's brethren of Benjamin.

2 Chronicles 14:8

And Asa had an army [of men] that bare targets and spears, out of Judah three hundred thousand; and out of Benjamin, that bare shields and drew bows, two hundred and fourscore thousand: all these [were] mighty men of valour.

Psalms 127:3

Lo, children [are] an heritage of the LORD: [and] the fruit of the womb [is his] reward.

Psalms 127:5

Happy [is] the man that hath his quiver full of them: they shall not be ashamed, but they shall speak with the enemies in the gate.