1 Kings 9:20

King James Version:

(The Lord speaking is red text)

[And] all the people [that were] left of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, which [were] not of the children of Israel,

Complete Jewish Bible:

All the people still left from the Emori, Hitti, P'rizi, Hivi, and Y'vusi, who were not part of the people of Isra'el,

Berean Standard Bible:

As for all the people who remained of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites (the people who were not Israelites)—

American Standard Version:

As for all the people that were left of the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, who were not of the children of Israel;

KJV with Strong’s Numbers:

And all the people^{H5971} that were left^{H3498} of the Amorites^{H567}, Hittites^{H2850}, Perizzites^{H6522}, Hivites^{H2340}, and Jebusites^{H2983}, which were not of the children^{H1121} of Israel^{H3478},

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Commentary for 1 Kings 9:20

1 Kings 9:20 is a verse that falls within the broader narrative of King Solomon's reign over Israel. This verse specifically addresses the remnants of the pre-Israelite nations that inhabited the land of Canaan before the Israelites' conquest under Joshua. These groups, known as the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, were among the original inhabitants of the Promised Land, and they are frequently mentioned together in the Pentateuch as nations that the Israelites were to dispossess (e.g., Exodus 3:8, Deuteronomy 7:1).

The historical context of this verse is set during the peak of Solomon's power and wisdom, as he had recently completed the construction of the First Temple in Jerusalem and was enjoying a period of unprecedented peace and prosperity. The verse reflects the reality that despite the Israelites' conquest and settlement in Canaan, not all members of the indigenous peoples were driven out or destroyed. Some remained and lived among the Israelites, often as a subject population.

The themes present in 1 Kings 9:20 include the fulfillment of God's promises to His people—albeit in a less-than-complete manner, as not all the land's previous inhabitants were removed. It also touches on the complexity of ethnic and cultural integration in ancient Israel, as these remaining peoples would have influenced and been influenced by Israelite society. The presence of these non-Israelite groups within the land of Israel would later contribute to the religious syncretism and idolatry that the biblical authors saw as detrimental to the spiritual health of the nation.

In summary, 1 Kings 9:20 highlights the incomplete conquest of Canaan by the Israelites and the ongoing presence of pre-Israelite populations within the land during Solomon's reign. This verse underscores the ancient world's ethnic diversity and the challenges of maintaining cultural and religious identity amidst a multicultural backdrop. It also sets the stage for future conflicts and the eventual division of the kingdom after Solomon's death.

*This commentary is produced by Microsoft/WizardLM-2-8x22B AI model

Strong's Numbers and Definitions:

Note: H = Hebrew (OT), G = Greek (NT)

1. Strong's Number: H5971
   There are 1654 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: עַם
   Transliteration: ʻam
   Pronunciation: am
   Description: from עָמַם; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock; folk, men, nation, people.
   
2. Strong's Number: H3498
   There are 101 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: יָתַר
   Transliteration: yâthar
   Pronunciation: yaw-thar'
   Description: a primitive root; to jut over or exceed; by implication, to excel; (intransitively) to remain or be left; causatively, to leave, cause to abound, preserve; excel, leave (a remnant), left behind, too much, make plenteous, preserve, (be, let) remain(-der, -ing, -nant), reserve, residue, rest.
   
3. Strong's Number: H567
   There are 715 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: אֱמֹרִי
   Transliteration: ʼĔmôrîy
   Pronunciation: em-o-ree'
   Description: probably a patronymic from an unused name derived from אָמַר in the sense of publicity, i.e. prominence; thus, a mountaineer; an Emorite, one of the Canaanitish tribes; Amorite.
   
4. Strong's Number: H2850
   There are 47 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: חִתִּי
   Transliteration: Chittîy
   Pronunciation: khit-tee'
   Description: patronymically from חֵת; a Chittite, or descendant of Cheth; Hittite, Hittities.
   
5. Strong's Number: H6522
   There are 23 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: פְּרִזִּי
   Transliteration: Pᵉrizzîy
   Pronunciation: per-iz-zee'
   Description: for פְּרָזִי; inhabitant of the open country; a Perizzite, one of the Canaanitish tribes; Perizzite.
   
6. Strong's Number: H2340
   There are 25 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: חִוִּי
   Transliteration: Chivvîy
   Pronunciation: khiv-vee'
   Description: perhaps from חַוָּה; a villager; a Chivvite, one of the aboriginal tribes of Palestine; Hivite.
   
7. Strong's Number: H2983
   There are 39 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: יְבוּסִי
   Transliteration: Yᵉbûwçîy
   Pronunciation: yeb-oo-see'
   Description: xlit Yebûwçîy corrected to Yᵉbûwçîy; patrial from יְבוּס; a Jebusite or inhabitant of Jebus; Jebusite(-s).
   
8. Strong's Number: H1121
   There are 3654 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: בֵּן
   Transliteration: bên
   Pronunciation: bane
   Description: from בָּנָה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
   
9. Strong's Number: H3478
   There are 2229 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: יִשְׂרָאֵל
   Transliteration: Yisrâʼêl
   Pronunciation: yis-raw-ale'
   Description: from שָׂרָה and אֵל; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity; Israel.