Numbers 30:5

But if her father disallow her in the day that he heareth; not any of her vows, or of her bonds wherewith she hath bound her soul, shall stand: and the LORD shall forgive her, because her father disallowed her.

But if her father {H1} disallow {H5106} her in the day {H3117} that he heareth {H8085}; not any of her vows {H5088}, or of her bonds {H632} wherewith she hath bound {H631} her soul {H5315}, shall stand {H6965}: and the LORD {H3068} shall forgive {H5545} her, because her father {H1} disallowed {H5106} her.

But if on the day her father hears it, he expresses his disapproval, then none of her vows or obligations she has bound herself to will stand; and ADONAI will forgive her, because her father expressed his disapproval.

But if her father prohibits her on the day he hears about it, then none of the vows or pledges by which she has bound herself shall stand. The LORD will absolve her because her father has prohibited her.

But if her father disallow her in the day that he heareth, none of her vows, or of her bonds wherewith she hath bound her soul, shall stand: and Jehovah will forgive her, because her father disallowed her.

Commentary

Numbers 30:5 elaborates on the intricate laws concerning vows made by unmarried women living under their father’s authority in ancient Israel. This verse specifically addresses the scenario where a father nullifies his daughter's vow.

Context

This verse is part of a larger section in Numbers chapter 30, which meticulously outlines the rules for making and fulfilling vows and oaths within the Israelite community. The chapter distinguishes between men, women, and their marital status, emphasizing the patriarchal structure of the society. Verses Numbers 30:3-4 set the stage, detailing that if a young woman makes a vow and her father hears it and remains silent, the vow stands. However, Numbers 30:5 provides the crucial caveat: the father’s power to annul the vow.

Key Themes

  • Parental Authority: The verse powerfully illustrates the significant authority a father held over his unmarried daughter in ancient Israelite society. His disapproval rendered her vow invalid, reflecting a system designed to protect young women and family integrity within the community. This concept of patriarchal leadership is a recurring theme in Old Testament law.
  • Integrity of Vows: While highlighting the father's power, it also subtly underscores the seriousness with which vows were generally regarded. A vow was a sacred promise made to God, and its validity was paramount. This specific provision prevents a young woman from being bound by a rash or ill-advised vow without the consent of her guardian.
  • Divine Forgiveness: Crucially, the verse states, "and the LORD shall forgive her, because her father disallowed her." This highlights God's grace and understanding. If a vow is nullified by legitimate authority, the individual is not held responsible for its non-fulfillment by God. This demonstrates God's mercy in situations where circumstances or authority prevent a person from upholding a promise.

Linguistic Insights

The Hebrew word for "vows" (נֶדֶר, neder) refers to a solemn promise made to God, often involving abstinence from something or dedication of something. "Bonds wherewith she hath bound her soul" (אִסָּר, 'issar) refers to self-imposed prohibitions or obligations. The phrase emphasizes the personal commitment and spiritual weight of such promises. The act of "disallowing" (יָפֵר, yafer) means to break, annul, or make void, signifying the father's complete power to negate the vow's effect.

Practical Application

While the specific social context of Numbers 30:5 differs greatly from modern societies, the underlying principles remain relevant:

  • Respect for Authority: The passage reminds us of the importance of respecting legitimate authority in our lives, whether parental, civil, or spiritual.
  • Thoughtful Decision-Making: It encourages careful consideration before making solemn promises or commitments. The ease with which a vow could be annulled in this specific case highlights the need for wisdom and counsel, especially for those in vulnerable positions. Ecclesiastes 5:4-5 warns against making vows rashly.
  • God's Grace and Forgiveness: The assurance that "the LORD shall forgive her" offers comfort. It teaches us that God understands circumstances beyond our control and extends grace when we are genuinely unable to fulfill a commitment, especially when it is legitimately nullified by a guardian. This principle of divine understanding resonates with themes of God's mercy found throughout scripture, such as in Psalm 103:10.
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Please note that only the commentary section is AI-generated — the main Scripture and cross-references are stored on the site and are from trusted and verified sources.

Cross-References

  • Ephesians 6:1 (3 votes)

    ¶ Children, obey your parents in the Lord: for this is right.

  • Matthew 15:4 (3 votes)

    For God commanded, saying, Honour thy father and mother: and, He that curseth father or mother, let him die the death.

  • Matthew 15:6 (3 votes)

    And honour not his father or his mother, [he shall be free]. Thus have ye made the commandment of God of none effect by your tradition.

  • Mark 7:10 (3 votes)

    For Moses said, Honour thy father and thy mother; and, Whoso curseth father or mother, let him die the death:

  • Mark 7:13 (3 votes)

    Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition, which ye have delivered: and many such like things do ye.

  • Hosea 6:6 (1 votes)

    For I desired mercy, and not sacrifice; and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings.