1 Kings 4:5

And Azariah the son of Nathan [was] over the officers: and Zabud the son of Nathan [was] principal officer, [and] the king's friend:

And Azariah {H5838} the son {H1121} of Nathan {H5416} was over the officers {H5324}: and Zabud {H2071} the son {H1121} of Nathan {H5416} was principal officer {H3548}, and the king's {H4428} friend {H7463}:

'Azaryah the son of Natan, chief administrator; Zavud the son of Natan, the king's trusted counselor;

Azariah son of Nathan was in charge of the governors; Zabud son of Nathan was a priest and adviser to the king;

and Azariah the son of Nathan was over the officers; and Zabud the son of Nathan was chief minister, and the king’s friend;

Commentary

1 Kings 4:5 introduces two key figures in King Solomon's burgeoning administration: Azariah and Zabud, both identified as sons of Nathan. This verse highlights the sophisticated organizational structure of Solomon's kingdom, which was a testament to his divinely granted wisdom and the era of peace and prosperity under his rule.

Context

This verse is part of a detailed list of Solomon's chief officials in 1 Kings chapter 4. Following the consolidation of his power and his famous prayer for wisdom (1 Kings 3:9), Solomon established a comprehensive governmental structure. This administrative framework was essential for managing the vast resources and territories of his kingdom, demonstrating the stability and order that characterized much of his reign. The listing of these officials underscores the peak of Israel's national strength and organization under Solomon, a period marked by unprecedented peace and prosperity for Judah and Israel (1 Kings 4:25).

Key Themes

  • Solomon's Organized Reign: The presence of specific officers like Azariah and Zabud illustrates the detailed and hierarchical administration Solomon put in place, reflecting a well-governed kingdom.
  • Importance of Trusted Advisors: Zabud being called "the king's friend" signifies a position of immense trust and influence, akin to a chief confidant or prime minister. This role was crucial for effective leadership, ensuring the king had loyal and wise counsel.
  • Divine Blessing and Order: The establishment of such an orderly and effective government can be seen as a manifestation of God's blessing on Solomon and the nation, allowing for the peace and prosperity described in the surrounding verses.

Linguistic Insights

The phrase "the king's friend" (Hebrew: re'eh hammelek) was not merely a personal affection but often an official title in ancient Near Eastern courts. It denoted a high-ranking position, signifying a close advisor who had direct access to the monarch and significant influence in state affairs. This was a position of great honor and responsibility, requiring absolute loyalty and discretion. We see a similar role with Hushai the Archite, who served as David's friend during Absalom's rebellion.

Practical Application

This verse, though brief, offers insights into effective leadership and governance. It highlights the importance of:

  • Delegation and Structure: Even the wisest leader needs an organized team and clear lines of authority.
  • Trusted Counsel: Leaders, whether in government, business, or ministry, benefit immensely from having a small circle of loyal, wise, and discreet advisors.
  • Integrity in Service: Those in positions of authority, like Azariah and Zabud, are called to serve faithfully and with integrity, contributing to the overall well-being of the organization or nation.

The detailed administration under Solomon underscores the principle that order and good governance are vital for societal flourishing and the effective discharge of responsibilities, whether in a kingdom or any communal endeavor.

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Please note that only the commentary section is AI-generated — the main Scripture and cross-references are stored on the site and are from trusted and verified sources.

Cross-References

  • 2 Samuel 16:16 (3 votes)

    And it came to pass, when Hushai the Archite, David's friend, was come unto Absalom, that Hushai said unto Absalom, God save the king, God save the king.

  • 1 Chronicles 27:33 (3 votes)

    And Ahithophel [was] the king's counsellor: and Hushai the Archite [was] the king's companion:

  • 2 Samuel 15:37 (3 votes)

    So Hushai David's friend came into the city, and Absalom came into Jerusalem.

  • 1 Kings 4:7 (2 votes)

    And Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel, which provided victuals for the king and his household: each man his month in a year made provision.

  • John 13:23 (2 votes)

    Now there was leaning on Jesus' bosom one of his disciples, whom Jesus loved.

  • 2 Samuel 8:18 (2 votes)

    And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada [was over] both the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and David's sons were chief rulers.

  • 2 Samuel 19:37 (2 votes)

    Let thy servant, I pray thee, turn back again, that I may die in mine own city, [and be buried] by the grave of my father and of my mother. But behold thy servant Chimham; let him go over with my lord the king; and do to him what shall seem good unto thee.