The Hebrew word tarbûwth, represented by H8635, means increase or progeny and is derived from a root meaning “multiplication.” Its singular use provides a pointed and specific meaning related to the continuation of a negative legacy.
The sole biblical appearance of tarbûwth is in Numbers 32:14, during a confrontation between Moses and the tribes of Reuben and Gad. Moses rebukes them, fearing they will repeat the faithlessness of their fathers who refused to enter the Promised Land. He declares, “And, behold, ye are risen up in your fathers' stead, an increase of sinful men, to augment yet the fierce anger of the LORD toward Israel.” Here, tarbûwth is not a blessing of growth but a curse—a new generation that multiplies the sin of the previous one, thereby increasing God's wrath.
The theological weight of tarbûwth is focused on the danger of compounding sin across generations.
- Negative Progeny: The word powerfully illustrates the concept of a “progeny of sin.” It highlights the tragic reality that a new generation can inherit and even multiply the failings of their fathers H1 instead of learning from them Numbers 32:14.
- The Escalation of Sin: Its use demonstrates that rebellion is not static. The “increase” of sinful men H582 actively serves to augment H5595 divine displeasure, implying that unrepentant sin accumulates over time and invites a stronger response from God.
- Provoking Divine Wrath: The term is inextricably linked to the fierce H2740 anger H639 of the LORD H3068. It serves as a stark warning that the growth of sinfulness within the covenant community of Israel H3478 directly leads to an intensification of divine judgment.
In summary, tarbûwth is a highly specialized word whose single appearance delivers a potent message. Far from being a neutral term for “increase,” tarbûwth in its biblical context signifies a destructive multiplication—a new generation of sinful men who amplify the guilt of their ancestors. It encapsulates the solemn biblical theme of generational accountability and the grave consequences of perpetuating a legacy of rebellion against God.
