from נָפַח; an apple (from its fragrance), i.e. the fruit or the tree (probably includ. others of the pome order, as the quince, the orange, etc.); apple (tree). See also בֵּית תַּפּוּחַ.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **tappûwach**, represented by `{{H8598}}`, is the term for **apple**, used for both the fruit and the tree. It appears 6 times in 6 unique verses. The word is derived from a root associated with fragrance, and its definition suggests it may also refer to other similar fruits, such as the quince or the orange.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The word **tappûwach** `{{H8598}}` is used both literally and metaphorically. In the Song of Solomon, the **apple tree** is portrayed as a place of desirable shade and sweet fruit [[Song of Solomon 2:3]], as well as a location of intimate significance [[Song of Solomon 8:5]]. The fragrance of **apples** is used in romantic comparisons [[Song of Solomon 7:8]], and the fruit itself is sought for comfort [[Song of Solomon 2:5]]. Proverbs uses **apples** in a powerful simile, comparing a well-spoken word to "apples of gold in pictures of silver" [[Proverbs 25:11]]. In Joel, the **apple tree** is listed among other significant fruit trees like the vine, fig, and pomegranate, whose withering signifies a great loss [[Joel 1:12]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide a fuller picture of the contexts in which `{{H8598}}` is found:
* `{{H1697}}` **dâbâr** (a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing): This term is famously linked with apples in the proverb describing a timely **word** [[Proverbs 25:11]]. God's **word** is also central to His work, as in the message to Zerubbabel [[Zechariah 4:6]].
* `{{H2091}}` **zâhâb** (gold, figuratively, something gold-colored): Used in the same proverb to signify the immense value and beauty of well-spoken words, which are like apples of **gold** [[Proverbs 25:11]]. Gold is also used to represent something precious that is refined by trial [[Malachi 3:3]].
* `{{H6086}}` **ʻêts** (a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood): As a specific type of **tree**, the apple tree is often listed among "all the trees of the field" [[Joel 1:12]]. This general term is used for everything from the tree of life [[Proverbs 13:12]] to the trees that will rejoice in God's salvation [[Isaiah 55:12]].
* `{{H1612}}` **gephen** (a vine (as twining), especially the grape): The apple tree is listed alongside the **vine** in Joel's description of agricultural devastation [[Joel 1:12]], showing they are both considered essential, fruit-bearing plants. The promise of restoration often includes the **vine** giving its fruit [[Zechariah 8:12]].
### Theological Significance
The significance of `{{H8598}}` is primarily seen through its symbolic use in Scripture.
* **Metaphor for Preciousness:** The most notable use is in Proverbs, where **apples** of gold set in silver represent the beauty and value of a well-spoken word [[Proverbs 25:11]]. This elevates the fruit to a symbol of wisdom and appropriateness.
* **Emblem of Comfort and Delight:** In the Song of Solomon, **apples** are associated with comfort, sustenance, and intimate delight. They are sought for physical restoration ("comfort me with apples") [[Song of Solomon 2:5]], and their fragrance and fruit are part of the poetic language of love and desire ([[Song of Solomon 2:3]], [[Song of Solomon 7:8]]).
* **Indicator of Divine Favor:** The state of the **apple tree** is used as a barometer for the land's condition. Its withering, alongside the vine and fig tree, is a sign of judgment and the loss of joy [[Joel 1:12]]. Conversely, its health would signify a state of blessing and abundance.
### Summary
In summary, **tappûwach** `{{H8598}}` is a specific term for **apple** that carries significant symbolic weight despite its rare usage. It is presented as a desirable tree providing sweet fruit and pleasant shade. Metaphorically, it represents the highest value of a timely word, a source of comfort and romantic delight, and an indicator of the state of blessing or judgment upon the land. From its fragrance to its fruit, the **apple** serves as a rich symbol of what is good, beautiful, and restorative.
TRV