(plural or (feminine) תִּמֹּרָה; (singular and plural), from the same root as תָּמָר; (architectural) a palm-like pilaster (i.e. umbellate); palm tree.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew lemma תִּמֹּר (timmôr, `{{H8561}}`) is directly related to the root תָּמָר (tāmār, `{{H8558}}`), which signifies the "date palm" or "palm tree." While תָּמָר refers to the tree itself and its fruit, תִּמֹּר extends this meaning, particularly to an architectural context. Its base definition encompasses both the literal "palm tree" and, more specifically, "a palm-like pilaster" or "umbellate" column. This indicates a structural or decorative element crafted to resemble the distinctive form of a palm tree, often including its frond-like capital. The word can appear in singular or plural forms, and its feminine variant is תִּמֹּרָה.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The occurrences of תִּמֹּר (timmôr, `{{H8561}}`) in the Hebrew Bible are concentrated almost exclusively within the book of Ezekiel, specifically in the detailed visionary descriptions of the new Temple. In these passages, timmôr consistently refers to decorative carvings or motifs shaped like palm trees, adorning various parts of the sacred structure.
For instance, in [[Ezekiel 40:16]], [[Ezekiel 40:22]], [[Ezekiel 40:26]], [[Ezekiel 40:31]], [[Ezekiel 40:34]], and [[Ezekiel 40:37]], timmôr is mentioned as being "upon the posts" of the Temple gates, indicating an architectural embellishment. This suggests the palm motif was a prominent feature of the Temple's entranceways.
Further, in the description of the inner sanctuary, timmôr appears alongside cherubim, as seen in [[Ezekiel 41:18]], [[Ezekiel 41:19]], [[Ezekiel 41:20]], [[Ezekiel 41:25]], and [[Ezekiel 41:26]]. Here, the palm trees are depicted carved on the walls, doors, and throughout the house, often positioned between cherubic figures. This consistent usage points to timmôr as a significant symbolic and decorative element within the divinely revealed Temple blueprint, emphasizing its role in defining the sacred aesthetics and atmosphere.
### Related Words & Concepts
The most directly related Hebrew word is תָּמָר (tāmār, `{{H8558}}`), the primary term for the "date palm," from which תִּמֹּר (timmôr, `{{H8561}}`) derives its form and symbolic resonance. Other general terms for trees, such as עֵץ (ʿēṣ, `{{H6086}}`), are broader but frame timmôr within the natural world.
Conceptually, timmôr is closely associated with:
* **Cherubim:** Their frequent pairing in Ezekiel's Temple vision (e.g., [[Ezekiel 41:18]]) suggests a symbolic relationship, often evoking Edenic imagery.
* **Architectural Decoration:** The use of natural motifs in sacred architecture, reflecting beauty, order, and symbolic meaning.
* **Sacred Space:** The embellishment of the Temple with such motifs emphasizes its holiness and divine design.
* **Symbolism of the Palm Tree:** In the ancient Near East, the palm tree was a common symbol of uprightness, beauty, fruitfulness, prosperity, and victory.
### Theological Significance
The consistent appearance of תִּמֹּר (timmôr, `{{H8561}}`) in Ezekiel's visionary Temple holds profound theological significance.
1. **Symbol of Edenic Restoration:** The pervasive presence of palm trees, often alongside cherubim, strongly evokes imagery of the Garden of Eden ([[Genesis 3:24]]). This suggests that the future Temple, as envisioned by Ezekiel, represents a restoration of paradise, a place where humanity can once again experience unhindered communion with God in an environment of perfect beauty and life.
2. **Divine Beauty and Order:** The meticulous detail given to these architectural elements underscores the divine origin and perfection of the Temple. The palm, known for its stately uprightness and symmetry, contributes to an overall impression of order, harmony, and inherent beauty, reflecting the character of God Himself.
3. **Life and Flourishing:** As a tree that thrives in harsh conditions and provides sustenance, the palm tree is a powerful symbol of life, vitality, and enduring prosperity. Its inclusion in the Temple may signify the life-giving presence of God and the flourishing that results from dwelling in His holy presence.
4. **Glory and Sanctity:** The elaborate and repeated use of timmôr as a decorative motif elevates the Temple beyond a mere building to a sacred space imbued with divine glory. These details contribute to the awe and reverence due to God's dwelling place.
### Summary
The Hebrew word תִּמֹּר (timmôr, `{{H8561}}`) refers primarily to a "palm-like pilaster" or a "palm tree" motif, deriving from תָּמָר (tāmār, `{{H8558}}`), the common word for "date palm." Its almost exclusive biblical usage is found in Ezekiel's detailed vision of the future Temple, where it describes the decorative carvings and architectural elements adorning the gates, walls, and doors of the sanctuary (e.g., [[Ezekiel 40:16]], [[Ezekiel 41:18]]). The frequent pairing of timmôr with cherubim within the Temple's design strongly evokes Edenic themes, suggesting the Temple as a place of restored paradise and unhindered divine presence. The palm tree, a symbol of beauty, uprightness, and vitality in the ancient world, thus imbues the visionary Temple with an aura of sanctity, divine order, and the promise of enduring life and flourishing that emanates from God's dwelling.
TRV