patronymic from רְאוּבֵן; a Reubenite or descendant of Reuben; children of Reuben, Reubenites.
Transliteration:Rᵉʼûwbênîy
Pronunciation:reh-oob-ay-nee'
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The term `{{H7206}}` (Rᵉʼûwbênîy) is a gentilic or patronymic adjective derived directly from the proper noun `{{H7205}}` (Rᵉʼûwbēn), meaning "Reuben." As such, its core meaning is "of Reuben" or "belonging to Reuben." Semantically, it functions exclusively to identify an individual or, more commonly, the collective descendants of Reuben, the firstborn son of Jacob and Leah. It designates the tribal affiliation, referring to a "Reubenite" or, collectively, "the children of Reuben" or "the Reubenites." Its semantic range is therefore quite narrow and precise, serving as a direct identifier for members of this specific Israelite tribe.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term `{{H7206}}` appears frequently throughout the Pentateuch and historical books, primarily in contexts related to tribal identity, census counts, land distribution, and military organization.
In the book of Numbers, `{{H7206}}` is used to delineate the tribal strength during the censuses, such as in [[Numbers 1:20-21]] and [[Numbers 26:7]], where the number of fighting men from the tribe of Reuben is recorded. Their placement in the camp and march order is also specified, typically alongside Simeon and Gad, under the standard of the camp of Reuben ([[Numbers 2:10-16]]).
A pivotal narrative involving the Reubenites occurs in [[Numbers 32]], where, along with the Gadites, they request to settle in the fertile Transjordanian region east of the Jordan River, rather than crossing into Canaan proper. This decision, though initially met with Moses' apprehension, was granted on the condition that they would assist the other tribes in conquering the land west of the Jordan ([[Numbers 32:16-27]]). This commitment is later fulfilled, as seen in [[Joshua 1:12-18]] and [[Joshua 4:12]].
After the conquest, the Reubenites, Gadites, and half-tribe of Manasseh return to their inheritance, and an incident arises when they build a large altar by the Jordan. This act is initially perceived by the western tribes as an act of apostasy, threatening the unity of Israel and their covenant with Yahweh ([[Joshua 22:10-34]]). The Reubenites, however, explain it was built not for sacrifice but as a "witness" (אֵד, *ed*) between the tribes, affirming their shared heritage and loyalty to the Lord. This incident highlights the challenges of maintaining tribal unity across geographical divides.
Later biblical references reflect the consequences of their Transjordanian settlement. In the Song of Deborah ([[Judges 5:15-16]]), the Reubenites are criticized for their indecisiveness and failure to join the fight against Sisera, lamenting their "great searchings of heart" while tarrying among the sheepfolds. This suggests a growing detachment from the central affairs of Israel. Their genealogies are recorded in [[1 Chronicles 5]], noting the loss of Reuben's birthright due to his defilement of Jacob's bed ([[1 Chronicles 5:1-2]]).
### Related Words & Concepts
The primary related word is `{{H7205}}` (Rᵉʼûwbēn), the eponymous ancestor from whom the tribe derives its name and identity. The concept of "tribe" (שֵׁבֶט, *shevet*) is foundational to understanding `{{H7206}}`, as it signifies one of the twelve divisions of Israel, each with its distinct territory, leadership, and role within the larger covenant community.
The idea of "inheritance" (נַחֲלָה, *nachalah*) is crucial, as the Reubenites' unique choice of land east of the Jordan significantly shaped their history and interactions with the other tribes. This choice often links them conceptually with the Gadites and the half-tribe of Manasseh, who shared this Transjordanian inheritance.
Furthermore, the concept of "firstborn" (בְּכוֹר, *bekor*) is intrinsically linked to Reuben, as his status as Jacob's firstborn carried significant privileges that were ultimately forfeited due to his sin ([[Genesis 49:3-4]]). This forfeiture had lasting implications for the tribe's prominence and leadership within Israel. The notion of "unity" (יַחַד, *yachad*) within the twelve tribes is also a recurring theme, particularly in the Joshua 22 narrative, where the Reubenites' actions challenged and then reaffirmed this unity.
### Theological Significance
The history of the Reubenites, as conveyed through the occurrences of `{{H7206}}`, carries several theological implications.
Firstly, their story serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of sin and the loss of privilege. Reuben's initial sin ([[Genesis 35:22]]) led to the forfeiture of the birthright, which was divided among Judah (kingship), Levi (priesthood), and Joseph (double portion). This theological principle of consequence is woven throughout their tribal narrative, explaining their comparatively less prominent role in Israelite history despite their firstborn status.
Secondly, their decision to settle east of the Jordan highlights the tension between material prosperity (fertile pasture land) and spiritual centrality. While their choice was permissible, it placed them geographically distant from the tabernacle/temple and the main body of Israel, potentially contributing to their spiritual drift and vulnerability, as suggested by their absence in key battles ([[Judges 5:15-16]]). This geographical separation underscores the theological importance of proximity to the divine presence and the covenant community for spiritual vitality and faithfulness.
Finally, the incident of the altar in [[Joshua 22]] is profoundly significant for understanding tribal unity and the nature of worship. It illustrates the importance of communication and discernment within the covenant community to avoid schism based on misunderstanding. The Reubenites' insistence that the altar was a "witness" to their shared faith in Yahweh, rather than a rival cultic site, affirmed their commitment to the one God and the unity of Israel. This episode underscores the ongoing need for vigilance against idolatry and the imperative of communal solidarity in the worship of the Lord.
### Summary
The term `{{H7206}}` (Rᵉʼûwbênîy) precisely identifies an individual or the collective descendants of Reuben, the firstborn son of Jacob. Its usage throughout the Hebrew Bible delineates the tribal identity and history of the Reubenites, from census counts and military organization to their significant decision to settle in the Transjordanian region. Their narrative is marked by the forfeiture of the birthright due to their ancestor's sin, their unique geographical inheritance, and the challenges of maintaining unity with the rest of Israel. Theologically, the Reubenites' story serves as a powerful case study on the consequences of sin, the tension between material desire and spiritual centrality, and the enduring importance of tribal unity and faithfulness within the covenant community of Israel.
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